ASTM D4582-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4582 − 23
Standard Practice for
Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability
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Index for Reverse Osmosis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope in Water (Withdrawn 1989)
D3739 Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Lan-
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of
gelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
the Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) for the concen-
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
trate stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the
D4195 Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and
operation and design of reverse osmosis installations. This
Nanofiltration Application
practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing more
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
than 10 000 mg ⁄L of total dissolved solids. For concentrate
Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
streams containing less than 10 000 mg ⁄L of total dissolved
solids, refer to Practice D3739.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in the
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
practice, refer to Terminologies D1129 and D6161.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 alkalinity, n—the quantitative capacity of aqueous
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
media to react with hydrogen ions; “M” alkalinity is that which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
will react with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
methylorange endpoint of about 4.5; “P” alkalinity is that
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
which reacts with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
phenolphthalein end point of 8.3; “M” is the total alkalinity
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
which is the sum of hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
contents and “P” includes all the hydroxyl and half the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
carbonate content.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2 calcium carbonate equivalents (mg/L as CaCO ), n—a
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Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
method for expressing mg/L as ion in terms of calcium
carbonate; concentration in calcium carbonate equivalents is
2. Referenced Documents
calculated by multiplying concentration in mg/L of the ion by
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
the equivalent weight of calcium carbonate (50) and dividing
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
by the equivalent weight of the ion.
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
3.2.3 concentrate, n—the stream exiting a crossflow mem-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
brane device which has increased concentration of solutes and
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
particles over the feed stream; portion of the feed stream which
D1888 Methods Of Test for Particulate and Dissolved Matter
does not pass through the membrane; the stream in which
dissolved solids or particulates, or both, are concentrated in a
1 membrane separation process.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
3.2.4 feed water, n—that water entering a device or process.
Exchange Materials.
3.2.5 ionic strength, n—measure of the overall electrolytic
Current edition approved June 15, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4582 – 10 which was
potential of a solution, the strength of a solution based on both
withdrawn January 2019 and reinstated in June 2023. DOI: 10.1520/D4582-23.
the concentrations and valencies of the ions present.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standar
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