ASTM A705/A705M-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A705/A705M − 22 A705/A705M − 23
Standard Specification for
Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A705/A705M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers age-hardening stainless steel forgings for general use.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
NOTE 1—Bar products are covered by Specification A564/A564M.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
2.2 Other Document:
SAE J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.17
on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.
Current edition approved April 1, 2022May 1, 2023. Published April 2022May 2023. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
ɛ1
A705/A705M – 20A705/A705M – 22. . DOI: 10.1520/A0705_A0705M-22.10.1520/A0705_A0705M-23.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-705/SA-705M in Section II of that Code.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A705/A705M − 23
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Other
UNS
C
C,
Type C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Al Mo Ti Cu Elements
B
Designation
I
D
S17400 630 0.07 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.00–17.50 3.00–5.00 . . . 3.00–5.00
S17700 631 0.09 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.00–18.00 6.50–7.75 0.75–1.50 . . . .
S15700 632 0.09 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.00–16.00 6.50–7.75 0.75–1.50 2.00–3.00 . . .
E
S35500 634 0.10–0.15 0.50–1.25 0.040 0.030 0.50 15.00–16.00 4.00–5.00 . 2.50–3.25 . .
S17600 635 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.00–17.50 6.00–7.50 0.40 . 0.40–1.20 . .
D
S15500 XM-12 0.07 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.00–15.50 3.50–5.50 . . . 2.50–4.50
F
S13800 XM-13 0.05 0.20 0.010 0.008 0.10 12.25–13.25 7.50–8.50 0.90–1.35 2.00–2.50 . .
G
S45500 XM-16 0.03 0.50 0.015 0.015 0.50 11.00–12.50 7.50–9.50 . 0.50 0.90–1.40 1.50–2.50
G
S45503 . 0.010 0.50 0.010 0.010 0.20 11.00–12.50 7.50–9.50 . 0.50 1.00–1.35 1.50–2.50
H
S45000 XM-25 0.05 1.00 0.030 0.030 1.00 14.00–16.00 5.00–7.00 . 0.50–1.00 . 1.25–1.75
F
S10120 0.02 0.25 0.015 0.010 0.25 11.00–12.50 9.00–10.50 0.80–1.10 1.75–2.25 0.20–0.50 .
F
S11100 0.02 0.25 0.015 0.010 0.25 11.00–12.50 10.25–11.25 1.35–1.75 1.75–2.25 0.20–0.50 .
A
Limits are in percent maximum unless shown as a range or stated otherwise.
B
Designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAEJ1086, Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).
C
Columbium (Cb) and niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.
D
Niobium 0.15–0.45.
E
Nitrogen 0.07–0.13.
F
Nitrogen 0.01.
G
Niobium 0.10–0.50.
H
Niobium 8× carbon minimum.
I
Initially it was very time consuming to analyze Nb (Cb) separately from Ta so the two elements were included together in the stainless steel standards. Nb (Cb) was always
the key element associated with obtaining properties. With more advanced chemical analysis methods, this distinction was no longer an issue. As Ta falls under a Conflict
Mineral element, ASTM has been removing Ta from its standards where it has been included in combination with Nb (Cb). It was removed from this standard in 2022.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specification. Such requirements may include but are not limited to the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
3.1.2 Name of material (age-hardening stainless steel forgings),
3.1.3 Dimensions, including prints or sketches,
3.1.4 Type or UNS designation (Table 1),
3.1.5 Heat-treated condition (Section 5),
3.1.6 Transverse properties when required (7.4),
3.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue, and
3.1.8 Special requirements (5.3 and 5.4).
3.2 If possible, the intended end use of the item should be given on the purchase order, especially when the item is ordered for
a specific end use or uses.
NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: five age-hardening stainless steel forgings, Type 630, solution-annealed, Specification A705 dated
__ . End use: pump blocks for oil well equipment.
4. General Requirements
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all requirements of the current edition of Specification A484/A484M shall
apply. Forgings shall comply with the Terminology and Forging sections of Specification A788/A788M, which further clarify the
forging definitions in the Terminology section of Specification A484/A484M. Failure to comply with the general requirements of
Specification A484/A484M, constitutes nonconformance with this specification.
A705/A705M − 23
TABLE 2 Solution Heat Treatment
A
Mechanical Test Requirements in Solution Treated Condition
B
Tensile Yield Elongation in Hardness
Type Condition Solution Treatment Reduction of
Strength, min Strength, min 2 in. [50 mm] Rockwell C, Brinell,
Area, minute %
ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa] or 4D, min. % max max
630 A 1900 ± 25 °F [1040 ± 15 °C] . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 363
(cool as required to below 90 °F [32 °C])
631 A 1900 ± 25 °F [1040 ± 15 °C] (water quench) . . . . . . . . . . . . Rb89 229
C
632 A 1900 ± 25 °F [1040 ± 15 °C] (water quench) . . . . . . . . . . . . Rb100 269
D D
634 A 1900 ± 25 °F [1040 ± 15 °C] quench, hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
not less than 3 h at -100 °F or lower
635 A 1900 ± 25 °F [1040 ± 15 °C] (air cool) 120 [825] 75 [515] 10 45 32 302
XM-12 A 1900 ± 25 °F [1040 ± 15 °C] . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 363
(cool as required to below 90 °F [32 °C])
XM-13 A 1700 ± 25 °F [925 ± 15 °C] . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 363
(cool as required to below 60 °F [16 °C])
XM-16 A 1525 ± 25 °F [830 ± 15 °C] (cool rapidly) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 331
S45503 A 1525 ± 25 °F [830 ± 15 °C] (cool rapidly) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 331
E
XM-25 A 1900 ± 25 °F [1040 ± 15 °C] (cool rapidly) 125 [860] 95 [655] 10 40 33 311
S10120 A 1545 ± 25 °F [840 ± 14 °C] . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 331
(cool rapidly below 90 °F [32 °C])
S11100 A 1545 ± 25 °F [840 ± 14 °C] . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 331
(oil or water quench), hold for min. 8 h
F
at minus 100 °F [-73 °C], air warm
A
See 6.1.
B
Either Rockwell C hardness or Brinell is permissible. On sizes of ⁄2 in. [12.70 mm] and smaller, Rockwell C is preferred.
C
321 BHN for rounds cold drawn after solution treating.
D
Equalization and over-tempering treatment 1425 ± 50 °F [775 ± 30 °C] for not less than 3 h, cool to room temperature, heat to 1075 ± 25 °F [580 ± 15 °C] for not less
than 3 h.
E
125 to 165 ksi [860 to 1140 MPa] for sizes up to ⁄2 in. [13 mm].
F
Required hold time at minus 100 °F [-73 °C] is not mandatory if product is under 2 in. [51 mm] thickness.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Material for forgings shall consist of billets or bars, either forged, rolled, or cast, or a section cut from an ingot. The cuts shall
be made to the required length by a suitable process. This material may be specified to Specification A564/A564M.
5.2 The material shall be forged by hammering, pressing, rolling, extruding, or upsetting to produce a wrought structure
throughout and shall be brought as nearly as possible to the finished shape and size by hot working.
5.3 When specified on the order, sample forging may be sectioned and etched to show flow lines and the condition in regard to
internal imperfections. When so specified, the question of acceptable and unacceptable metal flow shall be subject to agreement
between the manufacturer and the purchaser prior to order entry.
5.4 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shall submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the shape of the
rough forging before machining, or before heat treating for mechanical properties.
5.5 The grain size shall be as fine as practicable and precautions shall be taken to minimize grain growth.
5.6 Material of types other than XM-9 shall be furnished in the solution-annealed condition, or in the equalized and over-tempered
condition, as noted in Table 2, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.
5.6.1 Types 630, XM-16, and XM-25 may be furnished in the solution-annealed or age-hardened condition.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical composition limits specified in Table 1.
6.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods,
Practices, and Terminology A751.
A705/A705M − 23
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 The material, as represented by mechanical test specimens, shall conform to the mechanical property requirements specified
in Table 2 and shall be capable of developing the properties in Table 3 when heat treated as specified in Table 3.
7.2 The yield strength shall be determined by the offset method as described in the current edition of Test Methods and Definitions
A370. The limiting permanent offset shall be 0.2 % of the gage length of the specimen.
7.3 The impact strength shall be determined at 70 to 80 °F [20 to 25 °C], by Charpy V-notch specimen Type A as described in Test
Methods and Definitions A370.
7.4 Material tensile tested and, when specified, impact tested in the transverse direction (perpendicular to the forging flow lines)
and meeting the requirements shown in Table 3 need not be tested in the longitudinal direction.
7.5 Samples cut from forging shall conform to the mechanical properties of Table 3 when heat treated as specified in Tables 2 and
3 and tested in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
8. Prolongations for Tests
8.1 Subject to Section 7, the forgings shall be produced with prolongations for testing, unless otherwise specified. The producer
may elect to submit an extra forging to represent each test lot instead of prolongations, or the test specimens can be taken from
the forgings themselves.
A705/A705M − 23
A
TABLE 3 Mechanical Test Requirements After Age Hardening Heat Treatment
Elongation
Suggested Hardening or Aging Treatment, or Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Impact Charpy-V,
G
Hardness
B,C,D F
in 2 in. Reduction
Both min min min
Applicable Thickness, in.,
Type Condition
...