ASTM A105/A105M-24

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A105/A105M − 23 A105/A105M − 24 Endorsed by
Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Used in USDOE-NE Standards
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A105/A105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure
systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to
dimensional standards such as the MSS, ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forgings made to this specification
are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M.
Tubesheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included within the scope of this specification.
Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular products (see 5.2), it
does not cover raw material produced in these product forms.
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when
specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel bars.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI units or
inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,”
“size,” and “nominal size.”
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply to this
specification:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023April 15, 2024. Published May 2023April 2024. Originally approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 20212023 as
A105/A105M – 21.A105/A105M – 23. DOI: 10.1520/A0105_A0105M-23.10.1520/A0105_A0105M-24.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-105 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A105/A105M − 24
2.2 ASTM Standards:
A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Components
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping
Applications
2.3 MSS Standards:
SP 44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges
2.4 ASME Standards:
B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings
B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous Valves
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded
B16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding End
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges
2.5 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
Section IX
2.6 API Standards:
API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves
API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Use
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Specification A961/A961M.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 heaviest cross-section, n—maximum heat treated thickness of the production forging.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 See Specification A961/A961M.
4.1.1 Additional requirements (see 14.2).
5. General Requirements
5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this
specification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification shall prevail.
5.2 Except as permitted by Section 6 in Specification A961/A961M, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the
Terminology Section of Specification A788/A788M.
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Heat treatment is not a mandatory requirement of this specification except for the following piping components:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.com.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
A105/A105M − 24
6.1.1 Flanges above Class 300,
6.1.2 Flanges of special design where the design pressure at the design temperature exceeds the pressure-temperature ratings of
Class 300, Group 1.1,
6.1.3 Flanges of special design where the design pressure or design temperature are not known,
6.1.4 Piping components other than flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) above Class 300,
and
6.1.5 Piping components of Special Class other than flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2)
when the working pressure at the operating temperature exceeds the tabulated values for Special Class 300, Group 1.1.
6.2 Heat treatment, when required by 6.1 shall be annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tempering or quenching and
tempering in accordance with Specification A961/A961M. After hot working and before reheating for heat treatment, the forging
shall be allowed to cool substantially below the transformation range.
6.2.1 Quenching shall consist of either (1) fully austenitizing the forgings followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium or
(2) using a multiple stage procedure whereby the forgings are first fully austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to partially
reaustenitize, followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium. All quenched forgings shall be tempered as prescribed in
Specification A961/A961M.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements specified in Table 1.
7.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.
8. Mechanical Properties
8.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical property requirements prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3.
8.2 For normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen shall be
taken at least ⁄4 T from the nearest surface as-heat-treated, where T is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented
forging. In addition, for quenched and tempered forgings, the midlength of the test specimen shall be at least T from all other
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE 1—For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon
maximum (0.35 %), an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified
maximum (1.05 %) will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.65 %.
Element Composition, %
Carbon 0.35 max
Manganese 0.60–1.05
Phosphorus 0.035 max
Sulfur 0.040 max
Silicon 0.10–0.35
A
Copper 0.40 max
A
Nickel 0.40 max
A,B
Chromium 0.30 max
A,B
Molybdenum 0.12 max
A
Vanadium 0.08 max
A
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not
exceed 1.00 %.
B
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %.
For definition of Class 300, see ASME B16.5.
For definition of special class, see ASME B16.34.
A105/A105M − 24
A
TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 70 [485]
B
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 36 [250]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %:
Basic minimum elongation for walls ⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] 30
and over in thickness, strip tests.
When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gauge length or 22
smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gauge
length equal to 4D is used
When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gauge length or 22
smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gauge
length equal to 4D is used
C
For strip tests, a deduction for each ⁄32 -in. [0.8-mm] 1.50
decrease in wall thickness below ⁄16 in. [7.9 mm]
from the basic minimum elongation
of the percentage points of Table 3
Strip specimens for 30
wall thickness ⁄16 in. [7.94 mm]
and over and for small
sizes tested in full section.
Formula for calculating min elongation for strip
specimens thinner than ⁄16 in. [7.94 mm]; min % in 2 in.
[50 mm]: t = actual thickness
Inch-pound units (in.) 48t + 15
SI units (mm) 1.9t + 15
D
Reduction of area, min, % 30
C
Reduction of area, min, % 30
Hardness, HBW, max 197
A
For small forgings, see 8.3.4.
B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load
method.
C
See Table 3 for computed minimum values.
C
For round specimens only.
surfaces as-heat-treated, exclusive of the T dimension surfaces. When section thickness does not permit this positioning, the test
specimen shall be positioned as near as possible to the prescribed location.
8.3 Tension Tests:
8.3.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat of as-forged components.
8.3.2 One tension test shall be made from each heat-treating charge. If more than one heat is included in such a charge, each heat
shall be tested.
8.3.2.1 When forgings of different shapes are included in the same heat-treating charge, the test specimen shall be obtained from
the heaviest cross-section of the thickest forging, except for hubbed flanges (see 8.3.3). The test specimen shall represent all
forgings from the same heat and heat-treating charge whose maximum thicknesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging.
8.3.2.2 When the heat-treating temperatures are the same and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type), are controlled within
625 °F [614 °C] and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are availabl
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