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ASTM D7056-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams

Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The use of PBGM as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soils has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of PBGM seams. In the case of PBGM, it has become evident that seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain conditions. Although this is an index type test method used for quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also intended to provide the quality assurance engineer with sufficient seam shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording and reporting data will allow the quality assurance engineer to take measures necessary to ensure the repair of seams with unacceptable strength during facility construction, and therefore, minimize the potential for seam separation in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method presents the procedures used for determining the quality of prefabricated bituminous geomembrane (PBGM) bonded seams subjected to a shear test. It describes a destructive quality control test used to determine the integrity of PBGM seams.
1.2 This test procedure is intended for PBGM only.
1.3 The type of thermal field seaming technique used to construct PBGM seams include the following.
1.3.1 Torch-on - This technique melts two PBGM surfaces to be seamed by running a flame from a propane torch between them. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM, forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.
1.3.2 Hot Air - This technique introduces high-temperature air or gas between two PBGM surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM, forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2007
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7056-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D7056-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7700-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Geomembrane Seams
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007

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ASTM D7056-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane SeamsASTM D7056-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
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ASTM D7056-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7056 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated
1
Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This test method presents the procedures used for
3.1.1 geomembrane, n—anessentiallyimpermeablegeosyn-
determining the quality of prefabricated bituminous geomem-
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.
brane (PBGM) bonded seams subjected to a shear test. It
describes a destructive quality control test used to determine
3.1.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
the integrity of PBGM seams.
bitumen or polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth or
other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral
1.2 This test procedure is intended for PBGM only.
part of a man-made project, structure or system.
1.3 The type of thermal field seaming technique used to
3.1.3 geotextile, n—any permeable textile material used in
construct PBGM seams include the following.
foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engi-
1.3.1 Torch-on—This technique melts two PBGM surfaces
neering related material, as an integral part of a man made
to be seamed by running a flame from a propane torch between
project, structure, or system.
them. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM,
3.1.4 Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane (PBGM),
forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.
n—a material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of
1.3.2 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature
non-woven polyester textile, impregnated by a blend of oxi-
air or gas between two PBGM surfaces to facilitate melting.
dized or polymer-modified bitumen incorporating filler.
Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM,
3.1.5 Quality assurance, n—all planned and systematic
forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.
actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an item
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or a facility will perform satisfactorily in service.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 Quality control, n—the operational techniques and the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
activities, which sustain a quality of material, product, system,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
techniques and activities.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 The use of PBGM as barrier materials to restrict liquid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
migration from one location to another in soils has created a
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
PBGMseams. InthecaseofPBGM, ithasbecomeevidentthat
of Geosynthetics
seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain condi-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tions. Although this is an index type test method used for
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also
intended to provide the quality assurance engineer with suffi-
cient seam shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
reporting data will allow the quality assurance engineer to take
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
measures necessary to ensure the repair of seams with unac-
branes.
ceptable strength during facility construction, and therefore,
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2007.PublishedJuly2007.Originallyapproved
in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D7056 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/
minimize the potential for seam separation in service.
D7056-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirements
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. outlined in Test Method D638.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7056 − 07
5.2 Grip Faces—Grip faces shall
...

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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
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1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

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5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off