ASTM D5387-93(2002)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 5387–93 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive
Sediments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.3 diameter, sieve—the size of sieve opening through
which a given particle of sediment will just pass.
1.1 This guide covers criteria for a complete sediment data
3.2.4 D —the diameter of the sediment particle that has x
x
set.
percent of the sample less than this size (diameter is deter-
1.2 This guide provides guidelines for the collection of
mined by method of analysis; that is, sedimentation, size,
non-cohesive sediment alluvial data.
nominal, etc.).
1.3 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Example: D is the diameter that has
sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
45 % of the particles that have diameters finer than the
datasetthatcouldbeusedtocomputesedimenttransportusing
specified diameter. The percent may be by mass, volume, or
any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
numbers and is determined from a particle size distribution
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
analysis.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Guide
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 This guide establishes criteria for a complete sediment
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
datasetandprovidesguidelinesforthecollectionofdataabout
2. Referenced Documents non-cohesive sediments.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5.1 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
D 4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
3 sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
D 4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
datasetthatcouldbeusedtocomputesedimenttransportusing
D 4822 Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size
3 any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
5.2 The criteria will address only the collection of data on
D 4823 Guide for Core-Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
3 noncohesive sediment. A noncohesive sediment is one that
dated Sediments
consists of discrete particles and whose movement depends on
3. Terminology the particular properties of the particles themselves (1). These
propertiescanincludeparticlesize,shape,density,andposition
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
on the streambed with respect to other particles. Generally,
refer to Terminology D 1129 and D 4410.
sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders are considered to be
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
noncohesive sediments.
3.2.1 diameter, intermediate axis—the diameter of a sedi-
ment particle determined by direct measurement of the axis
6. Procedure
normal to a plane containing the longest and shortest axes.
6.1 Parameters discussed here are divided into three major
3.2.2 diameter, nominal—the diameter of a sphere of the
4 categories: sediment, hydraulic, and others. Within each of
same volume as the given particle (1).
these categories there is a listing of the minimum parameters
that should be collected or analyzed for and some additional
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is parameters that, although are not critical, would add significant
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
information to the data set if recorded.
and Open-Channel Flow.
6.2 Sediment Parameters (Minimal):
Current edition approved April 15, 1993. Published August 1993.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5387–93 (2002)
6.2.1 There are give basic sediment parameters that must be 6.2.1.7 Specific Gravity—The specific gravity of a particle
collected in order to have a complete data set. They are: effects to how the particle reacts in the flow. Most of the time
the specific gravity is assumed to be 2.65.Although this is true
concentration, bedload, bed material, particle-size distribution,
and specific gravity. most of the time, Brownlie (5) points out that about half of J.
J. Franco’s data has a specific gravity of 1.30 and that the
6.2.1.1 Concentration—Report concentration of suspended-
following data sets have these ranges in specific gravity:
sediment or total-sediment samples in milligrams per litre
Pang-Yung Ho, 2.45 to 2.70; C. R. Neill, 1.36 to 2.59; and U.S.
(mg/L) or in parts per million (ppm). Collect these samples in
Waterways Experiment Station, 1936c, 1.03 to 1.85.
suchawaythattheyrepresenteitherthepoint,vertical,orcross
6.3 Sediment Parameters (Additional):
section sampled. Follow sampling guides set forth in Guide
6.3.1 The following parameters are considered to be ones
D 4411 or in Ref (2) when collecting suspended-sediment or
that are not absolutely necessary for a complete data set but
total-load samples.
would give significant additional information and clarification
6.2.1.2 Bedload—Report discharge of bedload in mega-
to the data.
grams per day (Mg/d) or some other form of mass per time
6.3.1.1 Specific Diameters—Calculated diameters such as
unit. The procedures for the collection of bedload samples,
D , D ,D ,D ,D , and D are quite often used in
16 35 50 65 84 90
both in a flume and in the field, have not been standardized as
sediment transport equations. Having these computed diameter
well as those for suspended sediment. This is in part because
sizesstoredinthedatabaseswillalloweveryoneusingthedata
the sampler development has not achieved the state of unifor-
in the future to use the same values for these percentiles, thus
mity that the suspended-sediment samplers have and because
avoiding some additional sources of errors when comparing
not enough is currently known about bedload transport in open
their results to the original developer’s results. Store diameters
channels to accurately define a protocol for data collection.
in millimetres and give the type, that is, fall, sieve, etc.
However, the procedure outlined in Ref (2) appears to be a
6.3.1.2 Method of Collection—Document how the samples
reasonable approach to the problem and gives the state of
were collected. It is often very important to know if the
knowledge and equipment at the present time.
samples were collected from single vertical or multiverticals,
6.2.1.3 Bed Material—Because the bed material is the
surface dipped, or point samples.This not only is important for
primary source of noncohesive sediments, collect detailed
suspended-sediment and total-load samples, but also is impor-
samples.Mostfieldbed-materialsamplingprogramshavebeen
tant for bedload and bed-material samples. If multiple verticals
restricted to sampling sand-bed streams because of the overall
are used to collect the sample, note the number of verticals
lack of knowledge and the practical problems associated with
used and some general description of their placement in the
sampling gravel-bed streams (3). References (2) and (3),as
cross section. If the sample is collected from a single point or
well as Guide D 4823, present several methods for collection
vertical, identify the collection point.
of bed-material samples from gravel-bed streams. Also, some
6.3.1.3 Sampler—Record the type of sampler and nozzle
of the equipment and procedures given in Ref (2) and Guide
size. The US-D, US-DH, and US-P series samplers (1) are
D 4823 can be used to collect samples from sand bed streams.
depth integrating and point integrating samplers that collect
6.2.1.4 Particle-Size Distribution—Record the particle-size
samples of the water sediment mixture isokinetically. This
distribution in percent finer than a given diameter size. The
ensures the proper concentration of sand is sampled from the
most generally used size grading system for sediment work in
stream. When collecting bedload samples, in addition to the
the United States is the grade scale proposed by the Subcom-
samplertypeandnozzlesize,recordthebagmeshopeningsize
mittee on Sediment Terminology of theAmerican Geophysical
and nozzle flare if appropriate for the sampler being used.
Union (AGU), which is an extension of the Wentworth scale
6.4 Hydraulic Parameters (Minimal):
(1). Determine as an absolute minimum the percent finer th
...