ASTM D5387-93(1997)

Designation: D 5387 – 93 (Reapproved 1997)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive
Sediments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.4 D —the diameter of the sediment particle that has x
x
percent of the sample less than this size (diameter is deter-
1.1 This guide covers criteria for a complete sediment data
mined by method of analysis; that is, sedimentation, size,
set.
nominal, etc.).
1.2 This guide provides guidelines for the collection of
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Example: D is the diameter that has
non-cohesive sediment alluvial data.
45 % of the particles that have diameters finer than the
1.3 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
specified diameter. The percent may be by mass, volume, or
sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
numbers and is determined from a particle size distribution
data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using
analysis.
any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Guide
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This guide establishes criteria for a complete sediment
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
data set and provides guidelines for the collection of data about
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
non-cohesive sediments.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using
D 4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
3 any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
D 4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
5.2 The criteria will address only the collection of data on
D 4822 Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size
3 noncohesive sediment. A noncohesive sediment is one that
Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
consists of discrete particles and whose movement depends on
D 4823 Guide for Core-Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
3 the particular properties of the particles themselves (1). These
dated Sediments
properties can include particle size, shape, density, and position
3. Terminology on the streambed with respect to other particles. Generally,
sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders are considered to be
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
noncohesive sediments.
refer to Terminology D 1129 and D 4410.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Procedure
3.2.1 diameter, intermediate axis—the diameter of a sedi-
6.1 Parameters discussed here are divided into three major
ment particle determined by direct measurement of the axis
categories: sediment, hydraulic, and others. Within each of
normal to a plane containing the longest and shortest axes.
these categories there is a listing of the minimum parameters
3.2.2 diameter, nominal—the diameter of a sphere of the
4 that should be collected or analyzed for and some additional
same volume as the given particle (1).
parameters that, although are not critical, would add significant
3.2.3 diameter, sieve—the size of sieve opening through
information to the data set if recorded.
which a given particle of sediment will just pass.
6.2 Sediment Parameters (Minimal):
6.2.1 There are give basic sediment parameters that must be
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and is
collected in order to have a complete data set. They are:
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
concentration, bedload, bed material, particle-size distribution,
and Open-Channel Flow.
Current edition approved April 15, 1993. Published August 1993. and specific gravity.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
6.2.1.1 Concentration—Report concentration of suspended-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
sediment or total-sediment samples in milligrams per litre
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
(mg/L) or in parts per million (ppm). Collect these samples in
this guide.
D 5387
such a way that they represent either the point, vertical, or cross 6.3 Sediment Parameters (Additional):
section sampled. Follow sampling guides set forth in Guide
6.3.1 The following parameters are considered to be ones
D 4411 or in Ref (2) when collecting suspended-sediment or
that are not absolutely necessary for a complete data set but
total-load samples.
would give significant additional information and clarification
to the data.
6.2.1.2 Bedload—Report discharge of bedload in mega-
grams per day (Mg/d) or some other form of mass per time 6.3.1.1 Specific Diameters—Calculated diameters such as
unit. The procedures for the collection of bedload samples, D , D ,D ,D ,D , and D are quite often used in
16 35 50 65 84 90
both in a flume and in the field, have not been standardized as sediment transport equations. Having these computed diameter
well as those for suspended sediment. This is in part because sizes stored in the data bases will allow everyone using the data
the sampler development has not achieved the state of unifor- in the future to use the same values for these percentiles, thus
mity that the suspended-sediment samplers have and because avoiding some additional sources of errors when comparing
not enough is currently known about bedload transport in open their results to the original developer’s results. Store diameters
channels to accurately define a protocol for data collection. in millimetres and give the type, that is, fall, sieve, etc.
However, the procedure outlined in Ref (2) appears to be a
6.3.1.2 Method of Collection—Document how the samples
reasonable approach to the problem and gives the state of
were collected. It is often very important to know if the
knowledge and equipment at the present time.
samples were collected from single vertical or multiverticals,
surface dipped, or point samples. This not only is important for
6.2.1.3 Bed Material—Because the bed material is the
suspended-sediment and total-load samples, but also is impor-
primary source of noncohesive sediments, collect detailed
tant for bedload and bed-material samples. If multiple verticals
samples. Most field bed-material sampling programs have been
are used to collect the sample, note the number of verticals
restricted to sampling sand-bed streams because of the overall
used and some general description of their placement in the
lack of knowledge and the practical problems associated with
cross section. If the sample is collected from a single point or
sampling gravel-bed streams (3). References (2) and (3),as
vertical, identify the collection point.
well as Guide D 4823, present several methods for collection
of bed-material samples from gravel-bed streams. Also, some 6.3.1.3 Sampler—Record the type of sampler and nozzle
of the equipment and procedures given in Ref (2) and Guide size. The US-D, US-DH, and US-P series samplers (1) are
D 4823 can be used to collect samples from sand bed streams. depth integrating and point integrating samplers that collect
samples of the water sediment mixture isokinetically. This
6.2.1.4 Particle-Size Distribution—Record the particle-size
ensures the proper concentration of sand is sampled from the
distribution in percent finer than a given diameter size. The
stream. When collecting bedload samples, in addition to the
most generally used size grading system for sediment work in
sampler type and nozzle size, record the bag mesh opening size
the United States is the grade scale proposed by the Subcom-
and nozzle flare if appropriate for the sampler being used.
mittee on Sediment Terminology of the American Geophysical
6.4 Hydraulic Parameters (Minimal):
Union (AGU), which is an extension of the Wentworth scale
(1). Determine as an absolute minimum the percent finer than 6.4.1 There are four major hydraulic parameters that should
and greater than 0.062 mm. Ideally, determine all applicable be collected to provide a complete sediment-transport data set.
breaks given on the AGU scale (1). Determine particle size They are water discharge, width, depth, and slope.
either as a physical size (sieve) or as a sedimentation (fall)
6.4.1.1
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