ASTM A694/A694M-16(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A694/A694M −16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings,
Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA694/A694M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Standards:
A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipe
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use with
A106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe
high-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges,
for High-Temperature Service
fittings,andsimilarpartsorderedeithertodimensionsspecified
A381 Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Carbon or High-
by the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standards
Strength Low-Alloy Steel Pipe for Use With High-
referenced in Section 2.
Pressure Transmission Systems
1.2 Several grades of material, based on minimum yield
A707/A707M Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy
strength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1.
Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplemen- A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
quirements
tary Requirement S1 is provided for use when purchaser
approval is required for repair welding. A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
Piping Applications
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
2.3 ASME Standards:
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
ASME B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
ASME B 16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ASME B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
Threaded
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
2.4 MSS Standards:
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
MSS SP-44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
MSS SP-75 Specification for High-Test Welding Fittings
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- MSS SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Fittings
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 2.5 API Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 5L Specification for Line Pipe
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Ordering Information
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
2. Referenced Documents
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
apply to this specification:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
theASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee www.asme.org.
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally hq.com.
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A694/A694M – 16. Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
DOI: 10.1520/A0694_A0694M-16R22. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A694/A694M − 16 (2022)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
Specification A106/A106M, Specification A381, and API
Grade Yield Strength (0.2 % Tensile Strength, Elongation in 2 Standard 5L pipe, as well as to fittings manufactured under
Offset), min, ksi [MPa] min, ksi [MPa] in.or50mm,
MSS SP-75.
min %
5.2 Manufacturing Practice:
F42 42 [290] 60 [415] 20
F46 46 [315] 60 [415] 20
5.2.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,
F48 48 [330] 62 [425] 20
billets, slabs, or bars of forged or rolled form and cut to the
F50 50 [345] 64 [440] 20
required length by a suitable process.
F52 52 [360] 66 [455] 20
F56 56 [385] 68 [470] 20
5.2.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in
F60 60 [415] 75 [515] 20
the Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M.
F65 65 [450] 77 [530] 20
5.2.3 Hot working shall be sufficient to develop a wrought
F70 70 [485] 82 [565] 18
structure throughout the part.
5.2.4 Flanges shall not be machined directly from plate nor
from solid bar stock.
the needed material. In addition to the ordering guidelines in
5.3 Heat Treatment:
Specification A961/A961M, orders should include the follow-
5.3.1 All items shall be heat treated. Heat treatment of
ing information:
carbon steel and high-strength low-alloy steel may consist of
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 8.1 and 11.1).
normalizing, normalizing-and-tempering, or quenching-and-
tempering. Heat treatment of alloy steel may consist of
4. General Requirements
normalizing and precipitation heat treatment or quenching and
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
precipitation heat treatment.
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any
5.3.2 The tempering temperature shall be at least 1000 °F
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
[540 °C]. The precipitation heat treatment of the alloy steel
order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of
shall be in the range from 1000 to 1225 °F [540 to 665 °C].
Specification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with
6. Chemical Composition
this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements
of this specification and Specification A961/A961M, this 6.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifica-
tion A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the require-
specification shall prevail.
ments as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
5. Manufacture
6.2 High-strength low-alloy steels shall be of specified alloy
5.1 Melting Process:
element composition, with the elements covered in 6.1 re-
5.1.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following
stricted within the limits prescribed therein as ma
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