ASTM D3597-02(2018)e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D3597 −02 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven Upholstery Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in December 2018.
1. Scope D434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in
Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam (Withdrawn
1.1 This performance specification covers the performance
2003)
requirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
fabrics as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture.
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
These requirements apply to both the warp and filling direc-
D2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
tions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to
Traverse Tensile Testing Machine) (Withdrawn 1995)
fabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knitted
D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
fabrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics
Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
(such as vinyls and urethanes).
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
Test Method 8 AATCC Colorfastness to Crocking:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. Crockmeter Method
Test Method 16.3 Colorfastness to Light: Xenon Arc
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Test Method 23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Test Method 107 Colorfastness to Water
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Test Method 116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Crockmeter Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Test Method 129 Colorfastness to Ozone in theAtmosphere
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Under High Humidities
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Evaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color Change
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Evaluation Procedure 8 AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transfer-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ence Scale
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.3 Federal Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,
2. Referenced Documents Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulation
2.4 Military Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
spection by Attributes
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Furnishings. www.astm.org.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2018. Published January 2019. Originally AATCC Technical Manual, available from American Association of Textile
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3597 – 02 (2013). Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC
DOI: 10.1520/D3597-02R18E01. 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3597−02 (2018)
2.5 Non-Governmnet Organization Standard: 4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-
Specifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered blyapplytoallthevariousfabricsthatcouldbeutilizedforthis
Furniture Fabrics
end-use.
Guides for the Household Furniture Industry
4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties and
NOTE 1—Reference to documents in this standard give only the
test methods are discussed in the appropriate section of the
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
specified test methods.
methods and standards. The current editions of each test method cited
shall prevail.
5. Specification Requirements
3. Terminology
5.1 The properties of woven upholstery fabrics (plain,
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this performance
tufted, or flocked) shall conform to the specification require-
specification, refer to Terminology D123. Definitions found in
ments in Table 1.
a dictionary of common terms are suitable for terms used in
this performance specification. 6. Test Methods (See Note 1)
6.1 BreakingStrength—Determine the dry breaking force in
4. Significance and Use
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in Test
4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the
Method D5034, using a constant rate of extension (CRE)
requirements listed in Table 1.
tensile testing machine.
4.2 It should be recognized that fabrics can be produced
6.2 Tear Strength—Determine the tear strength in accor-
utilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-
dance with Test Method D2262.
struction variables (e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers,
yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and
NOTE 2—If preferred, use of Test Method D1424 is permitted with
mechanicalfinished).Additionally,fashionoraestheticsdictate
existing requirements as given in this standard. However, in case of
controversy, Test Method D2262 shall prevail.
that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made
from fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in
6.3 Resistance to Yarn Slippage:
Table 1.
6.3.1 Determine the resistance to yarn slippage in accor-
dance with Test Method D434. Regardless of the disclaimer
found in 1.2 ofTest Method D434, this procedure is applicable
Issued in 1969 by the NationalAssociation of Furniture Manufacturers and the
with the following modifications.
National Retail FurnitureAssociation.Available from Home Furniture Manufactur-
ers Assn., P. O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
6.3.2 Sew the seam using a minimum of seven and a
AvailablefromtheBureauofConsumerProtection,FederalTradeCommission,
maximum of eight stitches per inch (320 stitches per metre).
Washington, DC 20580.
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
Characteristics Requirements Section
Breaking strength (load) 222 N (50 lbf), min 6.1
Tongue tear strength 27 N (6 lbf), min 6.2
Resistance to yarn slippage 111 N (25 lbf), min 6.3
A
Surface abrasion
Light-duty 3000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Medium-duty 9000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Heavy-duty 15,000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Dimensional change:
Warp or filling 5.0% shrinkage, max to 6.5
2.0% gain, max
B
Colorfastness to:
C D
Water, Color Change grade 4, min 6.6
C D
Solvent, Color Change grade4, min 6.7
D
Burnt gas fumes-2 cycles grade 4, min 6.8
Crocking:
E
Dry grade 4, min 6.9
E
Wet grade 3, min 6.9
D
Light-40 AATCC Fading Units grade 4, min 6.10
D
Ozone 1 cycle grade 4, min 6.11
Retention of hand, character, and appearance no significant change 6.12
Durability of back coating no significant change 6.13
Flammability pass 6.14
FTC Requirements pass 6.15
A
For guideline purposes see 6.4.1.
B
Class in the colorfastness requirements is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible for no colorchange or color transfer to 1 for very severe color change or color
transfer.
C
For guidelines purposes—See Section 6.6.2.
D
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
E
AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale.
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D3597−02 (2018)
6.3.3 Use a chrome or nickel plated needle, 0.063 in. (1.60 in the prevailing room atmosphere (approximately 24 h). Do
mm) in diameter. not extract or wring out the specimens prior to drying.
6.3.4 Use a No. 24-4 hard finish “Z” twist white cotton
6.5.2.4 After drying, mea
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