ASTM F2644-07

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Designation: F2644 − 07 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Performance of Commercial Patio Heaters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 ASHRAE Documents:
ASHRAE 55–1992Thermal Environmental Conditions for
1.1 This test method covers the heating performance and
Human Occupancy
energy consumption of commercial radiant patio heaters. The
food service operator can use this evaluation to select a
3. Terminology
commercial patio heater and understand its energy perfor-
3.1 Definitions:
mance and effective heated area.
3.1.1 boundary,n—theedgeoftheareabeingwarmedunder
1.2 This test method is applicable to commercial gas and
a patio heater that corresponds to 3°F above the design
electric radiant patio heaters.
environment mean radiant temperature.
1.3 The patio heater can be evaluated with respect to the
3.1.2 design environment, n—unheated environment for
following:
which test unit’s performance is to be evaluated. Design
1.3.1 Energy input rate (10.2),
environment is specified as having a mean radiant temperature
1.3.2 Preheat energy consumption and time (10.3),
of 60°F.
1.3.3 Temperature distribution (10.4), and
3.1.3 effectiveheatedarea,n—theamountofsquarefootage
1.3.4 Effective heated area (10.4).
that can be warmed to a specified temperature (3°F above the
design environment mean radiant temperature) under a patio
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
heater.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. 3.1.4 energyinputrate,n—peakrateatwhichapatioheater
consumes energy (kW or Btu/h), typically reflected during
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
preheat.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 heating index, n—the quotient of the effective heated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
area and the measured energy input rate.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 mean radiant temperature, n—the uniform surface
temperature of an imaginary black enclosure in which an
2. Referenced Documents occupant would exchange the same amount of radiant heat as
2 in the actual non-uniform space.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3588Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility NOTE 1—Since all environments radiate thermal energy, the mean
radianttemperaturecanbedeterminedforanunheatedaswellasaheated
Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
environment.
2.2 ANSI Documents:
3.1.7 operative temperature, n—the uniform temperature of
ANSI Z83.19Gas-Fired High-Intensity Infrared Heaters
an imaginary black enclosure in which an occupant would
ANSI Z83.20Gas-Fired Low-Intensity Infrared Heaters
exchangethesameamountofheatbyradiationplusconvection
as in the actual non-uniform environment. Operative tempera-
ture is numerically the average of the air temperature (T ) and
a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on Food
themeanradianttemperature(T ),weightedbytheirrespective
r
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.06 on
heat transfer coefficients (h and h ) (see ASHRAE 55–1992):
c r
Productivity and Energy Protocol.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. DOI: 10.1520/
~h 3T 1h 3T !
c a r r
F2644-07. T 5
o
h 1h
~ !
2 c r
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
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F2644 − 07
NOTE 2—In the absence of air movement, the operative temperature is
5.3 The temperature distribution of a patio heater can be
equal to the mean radiant temperature.
usedbyoperatorsanddesignerstodeterminethemosteffective
3.1.8 patio heater, n—an appliance that is designed for
layout for a patio heating system.
warming outdoor areas using radiant heat.
5.4 The effective heated area can be used by operators to
3.1.9 preheat energy, n—amount of energy consumed by
choose a patio heater that meets their heating needs.
thepatioheaterwhilepreheatingthepatioheaterfromambient
6. Apparatus
room temperature (75 6 10°F) to its operating temperature.
6.1 Aspirated Thermocouples, for measuring average bulk
3.1.10 preheat rate, n—average rate (°F/min) at which the
air temperature in the test space.
patioheatercomesuptoitsoperatingtemperaturefroma75 6
6.2 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmospheric
10°F ambient temperature.
pressure, to be used for adjustment of measured gas volume to
3.1.11 preheattime,n—timerequiredforthepatioheaterto
standard conditions. Shall have a resolution of 0.2 in. Hg and
preheat from ambient room temperature (75 6 10°F) to its
an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg.
operating temperature.
6.3 Data Acquisition System, for measuring energy and
3.1.12 uncertainty, n—measure of systematic and precision
temperatures, capable of multiple channel displays updating at
errors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatability
least every 2 s.
of a reported test result.
6.4 GasMeter,formeasuringthegasconsumptionofapatio
4. Summary of Test Method
heater, shall be a dry positive displacement type with a
resolution of at least 0.01 ft and a maximum uncertainty no
4.1 Thepatioheaterisconnectedtotheappropriatemetered
greaterthan1%ofthemeasuredvalueforanydemandgreater
energy source, and energy input rate is determined to confirm
than 2.2 ft /h. If the meter is used for measuring the gas
that the appliance is operating within 5% of the nameplate
consumed by the pilot lights, it shall have a resolution of at
energy input rate.
least 0.01 ft and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 2%
4.2 The amount of energy and time required to preheat the
of the measured value.
patio heater to its operating temperature is determined.
6.5 Globe Thermometer, comprised of a beaded-junction
4.3 The amount of square footage that could be effectively
thermocouple located in the geometric center of a 2-star,
warmed by a heater is determined and characterized.
precise round, ping-pong ball for determining mean radiant
temperature.The globe shall be mounted on a length of ⁄16-in.
5. Significance and Use
plastictubing,whichwillhousethethermocouplewire,andthe
5.1 The energy input rate test is used to confirm that the
entire assembly (globe and tubing) shall be painted flat black.
patio heater is operating properly prior to further testing.
See Fig. 1.
5.2 Preheat energy and time can be useful to food service 6.6 PressureGauge,formonitoringgaspressure.Shallhave
operatorstomanageenergydemandsandtoknowhowquickly a range of zero to 15 in. H O, a resolution of 0.5 in. H O, and
2 2
the patio heater can be ready for operation. a maximum uncertainty of 1% of the measured value.
FIG. 1 Globe Thermometer
F2644 − 07
6.7 Stop Watch,witha1s resolution. 9.2 Connect the patio heater to a calibrated energy test
meter. For gas installations, install a pressure regulator down-
6.8 Temperature Sensor, for measuring gas temperature in
stream from the meter to maintain a constant pressure of gas
the range of 50 to 100°F with an uncertainty of 61°F.
for all tests. Install instrumentation to record both the pressure
6.9 Thermocouple(s), for measuring globe and ambient
and temperature of the gas supplied to the patio heater and the
temperatures, industry standard type T or type K, 24 gauge
barometric pressure during each test so that the measured gas
thermocouplewire,weldedandcalibrated,witharangeof0to
flow can be corrected to standard conditions. For electric
150°F and an uncertainty of 61°F.
installations,avoltageregulatormayberequiredduringtestsif
6.10 Thermocouple Wire, for measuring reflector the voltage supply is not within 62.5% of the manufacturer’s
temperature,shallbetypeKthermocouplewirewitharangeof
nameplate voltage.
0 to 1000°F and an uncertainty of 61°F.
9.3 For a gas patio heater, adjust (during maximum energy
6.11 Watt-Hour Meter, for measuring the electrical energy
input) the gas supply pressure downstream from the appli-
consumptionofapatioheater,shallhavearesolutionofatleast
ance’s pressure regulator to within 62.5% of the operating
10Whandamaximumuncertaintynogreaterthan1.5%ofthe
manifold pressure specified by the manufacturer. Make adjust-
measured value for any demand greater than 100 W. For any
ments to the appliance following the manufacturer’s recom-
demandlessthan100W,themetershallhavearesolutionofat
mendations for optimizing combustion. Proper combustion
least 10Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 10%.
may be verified by measuring air-free CO in accordance with
ANSI Z83.19 and ANSI Z83.20.
7. Reagents and Materials
9.4 Confirm (while the elements are energized) that the
7.1 Ping-Pong Balls, two-star, precise round, weighing 2.5
supply voltage is within 62.5% of the operating voltage
6 0.5 g for constructing globe thermometers.
specified by the manufacturer. Record the test voltage for each
7.2 Model Airplane Control Rods, for supporting the globe
test.
thermometers, shall be a minimum of 12 in. long with a
NOTE 4—It is the intent of the testing procedure herein to evaluate the
nominal outside diameter of ⁄16 in.
performanceofapatioheateratitsratedelectricvoltage.Ifanelectricunit
is rated dual voltage (that is, designed to operate at either 208 or 240 V
with no change in components), the voltage selected by the manufacturer
8. Sampling, Test Units
and/or tester shall be reported. If a patio heater is designed to operate at
8.1 Patio Heater—Select a representative production model
two voltages without a change in the resistance of the heating elements,
for performance testing. the performance of the unit (for example, preheat time) may differ at the
two voltages.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.5 Construct an array of globe thermometers for character-
9.1 Install the patio heater in accordance with the manu- izing the heated area under the test patio heater. The globes
facturer’s instructions in the center of a 20 ft. square area shallbepositionedataheightof36 61in.fromthefloor,with
(hereafter called, test cell) at the manufacturer’s recommended no more than 24 in. horizontal spacing between adjacent
working height. The test cell shall be free of drafts and globes.The globes shall be no closer than 24 in. to any wall or
obstructions of any kind. Record the distance from the bottom other partition.
of the heating unit to the floor (mounted heaters).
NOTE 5—The globe thermometers can be effectively held in place by
NOTE 3—A high bay area may be required to provide suitable vertical implanting the tubing into a length of 1-in. PVC pipe that has been
clearances for testing mounted style patio heaters. Fig. 2.
mounted on a 2- by 4-in. sawhorse kit. See
FIG. 2 Globe Thermometer Array
F2644 − 07
9.6 Divide the test area into four equal-sized quadrants. 10.3 Preheat Energy Consumption and Time:
Position four aspirated thermocouples, one in the center of
NOTE 7—The preheat test should be conducted as the first appliance
eachquadrantataheightof36-in.Thesefourtemperatureswill
operation on the day of the test, starting at a 75 6 10°F ambient
be used to determine the average ambient temperature.
temperature.
9.7 In preparation for the preheat test, tack-weld a thermo-
10.3.1 Confirmthatthepatioheater’sreflectorisatambient
couple to the heater’s reflector, centered as closely as possible.
temperature (75 6 10°F). Turn the unit on with control(s) set
to their maximum setting.
10. Procedure
10.3.2 Commence monitoring globe and ambient tempera-
tures.Theambientshallbe75 610°Fduringthecourseofthe
10.1 General:
test. If the ambient temperature is outside the specified range,
10.1.1 For gas patio heaters, record the following for each
the test is invalid and must be repeated.
test run:
10.3.3 Record the globe temperatures over a minimum of
10.1.1.1 Higher heating value,
10-s intervals during the course of preheat.
10.1.1.2 Standard gas pressure and temperature used to
10.3.4 Record the energy and time to preheat the patio
correct measured gas volume to standard conditions,
heater. Preheat is judged complete when the reflector reaches
10.1.1.3 Measured gas temperature,
95% of its maximum temperature.
10.1.1.4 Measured gas pressure,
10.1.1.5 Barometric pressure,
10.4 Temperature Distribution and Effective Heated Area:
10.1.1.6 Average ambient temperature, and
10.4.1 The temperature distribution and effective heated
10.1.1.7 Energy input rate during or immediately prior to
area test shall be repeated a minimum of three times. Conduct
test.
each replicate on different days.
10.4.2 Record globe and ambient temperatures at 30-s
NOTE6—Usingacalorimeterorgaschromatographinaccordancewith
accepted laboratory procedures is the preferred method for determining
intervals for a period of 5 min before the test unit is turned on.
the higher heating value of gas supplied to the patio heater under test. It
Both temperatures shall not vary more than 60.5°F over the
is recommended that all testing be performed with natural gas having a
3 5-min period. The ambient temperature shall be 75 6 10°F at
higher heating value of 1000 to 1075 Btu/ft .
the start of the test.
10.1.2 For gas patio heaters, record any electric energy
10.4.3 Preheat the patio heater for a period of 15 6 1 min.
consumption, in addition to gas energy for all tests.
10.4.4 Commence monitoring globe and ambient tempera-
10.1.3 For electric patio heaters, record the following for
tures.Theambientshallbe75 610°Fduringthecourseofthe
each test run:
test. If the ambient temperature is outside the specified range,
10.1.3.1 Voltage while elements are energized,
the test is invalid and must be repeated.
10.1.3.2 Average ambient temperature, and
10.4.5 With the heater on and stabilized, record globe and
10.1.3.3 Energy input rate during or immediately prior to
ambient temperatures at 30-s intervals for a period of 5 min.
tes
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