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ASTM C1731-21

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Concrete Floor Tile

Standard Specification for Concrete Floor Tile

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the product criteria and minimum performance requirements for concrete floor tile (CFT) used as interior and exterior flooring. The units described by this specification are manufactured from cementitious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight, lightweight, or both), water, and additives that are cast into various textures and shapes, often simulating natural stone, brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others. The standard addresses materials and their manufacture, physical properties, sampling, packaging and package marking, and certification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete floor tile (CFT) for application as interior and exterior flooring. The units described by this specification are manufactured from cementitious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight, lightweight, or both), water, and additives that are cast into various textures and shapes, often simulating natural stone, brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others.  
1.2 This specification is limited to requirements for the physical attributes for the CFT units.  
1.3 The use of results from testing installed CFT units that have been removed from use for determining conformance or nonconformance to the requirements of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2021
ICS
91.060.30 - Ceilings. Floors. Stairs
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
Drafting Committee
C15.03 - Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C482-20 - Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM C1353/C1353M-20 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM C1353/C1353M-20e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1731 − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Concrete Floor Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this specification is to establish the product specifications and minimum
performance requirements of concrete floor tile.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers concrete floor tile (CFT) for
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
application as interior and exterior flooring. The units de-
Specimens in the Field
scribed by this specification are manufactured from cementi-
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
tious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight,
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
lightweight, or both), water, and additives that are cast into
drical Concrete Specimens
various textures and shapes, often simulating natural stone,
C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-
brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others.
crete Masonry Units and Related Units
1.2 This specification is limited to requirements for the
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
physical attributes for the CFT units.
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
1.3 The use of results from testing installed CFT units that
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
have been removed from use for determining conformance or
crete
nonconformance to the requirements of this specification is
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
beyond the scope of this specification.
for Concrete
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded C331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical Concrete Masonry Units
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only C482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to
and are not considered standard. Portland Cement Paste
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
ored Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Concrete and Mortars
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Masonry
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic
Cement
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1731 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1731–21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1731 − 21
C1232 Terminology for Masonry 4.4 Reinforcing Fibers—Specification C1116/C1116M.
C1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of
4.5 Water—Specification C1602/C1602M.
Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary
4.6 Other Constituents—Integral water repellents and other
Platform Abraser
materials shall be previously established as suitable for use in
C1600/C1600M S
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1731 − 16 C1731 − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Concrete Floor Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this specification is to establish the product specifications and minimum
performance requirements of concrete floor tile.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers concrete floor tile (CFT) for application as interior and exterior flooring. The units described by this
specification are manufactured from cementitious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight, lightweight, or both), water, and
additives that are cast into various textures and shapes, often simulating natural stone, brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others.
1.2 This specification is limited to requirements for the physical attributes for the CFT units.
1.3 The use of results from testing installed CFT units that have been removed from use for determining conformance or
nonconformance to the requirements of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on
Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016June 1, 2021. Published July 2016June 2021. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as C1731
– 15.16. DOI: 10.1520/C1731–16.10.1520/C1731–21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1731 − 21
C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
C482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
C1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform
Abraser
C1600/C1600M Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
C1602/C1602M Speci
...

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Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).  
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

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  • Guide
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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8530/D8530M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for the Selection and Use of Waterstops

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used in the selection and installation of waterstops in cast-in-place concrete construction. This guide is intended to assist the building owner, owner’s representative, architect, engineer, contractor, and/or authorized inspector during the specification and installation of waterstops.  
4.2 This guide is applicable to cast-in-place concrete construction. The use of this guide may not be appropriate for installation of waterstops in other types of concrete construction, including but not limited to, pneumatically applied (that is, shotcrete) and precast concrete construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of waterstops within cast-in-place concrete construction. Waterstops are generally placed within static, non-moving construction joints in concrete to close off the joint to water, which may be under significant hydrostatic pressure. They are used as part of the overall waterproofing strategy for a building or other structure. Expansion and other types of moving joints may require the use of waterstops, which can accommodate the anticipated movement of the structure and are beyond the scope of this guide.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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