ASTM E3274-24
(Guide)Standard Guide for Management of Investigation-Derived Waste Associated with PFAS
Standard Guide for Management of Investigation-Derived Waste Associated with PFAS
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of more than 4700 synthetic organic chemicals. PFAS can withstand high temperatures and survive highly corrosive environments. They are used in the manufacture of coatings, surface treatments, and specialty chemicals in cookware, carpets, food packaging, clothing, cosmetics, and other common consumer products. PFAS also have many industrial applications and are an active ingredient in certain types of fire-fighting foams (aqueous film-forming foams, or AFFF). PFAS coatings resist oil, grease, and water. PFAS are persistent compounds. Therefore, PFAS should be considered for purposes of managing investigation-derived waste where PFAS is known or suspected to be present in environmental media.
4.1.1 PFAS are emerging contaminants for which environmental regulations and guidance are dynamic and are being developed simultaneously at federal, state, local, and international levels as more is learned about their characteristics, environmental fate, and management/treatment. Therefore, site-specific rules, regulations, and guidance should be evaluated for options and restrictions on management of PFAS investigation-derived waste. For example, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection has determined that PFAS wastes are “hazardous materials” subject to the Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material Release Prevention and Response Act (M.G.L. Chapter 21E) and the Massachusetts Contingency Plan. Other states and jurisdictions may have or will develop and implement similar determinations that affect the on-site management, storage, and labeling and off-site transportation requirements for PFAS investigation-derived waste.
4.1.2 Given the characteristics and persistence of PFAS compounds, PFAS investigation-derived waste presents special handling and treatment/disposal considerations. EPA recently issued Interim Guidance on the Destruction and Disposal of Perfluoralkyl and Polyfluoralky...
SCOPE
1.1 Existing guidance on the management of investigation-derived waste is focused upon cuttings, purge water, personal protective equipment, and other miscellaneous solid waste generated at property that may be impacted by the release of hazardous materials and hazardous substances. These hazardous substances include, but are not limited to, heavy metals, petroleum, petroleum byproducts, solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic corrosives, radioactive material, and explosives. Guidance on the management of investigation derived waste generated at sites that may be impacted by releases of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is limited. This standard guide addresses this deficiency
1.2 This guide describes best practices for managing investigation-derived waste associated with PFAS that are consistent with federal and state policies and regulations at the date of issuance. The user is advised to determine if new regulations or rules have been promulgated by the state, federal, or tribal regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the property.
1.3 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of liquid investigation-derived waste that may contain PFAS into wastewater treatment plants or systems that are not permitted to receive these waste streams.
1.4 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of solid investigation-derived waste that may contain PFAS into landfills or other solid waste disposal facilities that are not permitted to receive these waste streams.
1.5 This guide describes several stormwater pollution prevention best management practices applicable to investigation-derived waste.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3274 − 24
Standard Guide for
Management of Investigation-Derived Waste Associated with
1
PFAS
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 Existing guidance on the management of investigation-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
derived waste is focused upon cuttings, purge water, personal
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
protective equipment, and other miscellaneous solid waste
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
generated at property that may be impacted by the release of
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
hazardous materials and hazardous substances. These hazard-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ous substances include, but are not limited to, heavy metals,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
petroleum, petroleum byproducts, solvents, polycyclic aro-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
matic hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic corrosives, radio-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
active material, and explosives. Guidance on the management
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of investigation derived waste generated at sites that may be
impacted by releases of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl
2. Referenced Documents
substances (PFAS) is limited. This standard guide addresses
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
this deficiency
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
1.2 This guide describes best practices for managing
Used at Waste Sites
investigation-derived waste associated with PFAS that are
E3302 Guide for PFAS Analytical Methods Selection
consistent with federal and state policies and regulations at the
2.2 Other Standards:
date of issuance. The user is advised to determine if new
49 CFR 172 Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions,
regulations or rules have been promulgated by the state,
Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Re-
federal, or tribal regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the
sponse Information, Training Requirements, and Security
property.
3
Plans
1.3 This guide describes considerations to prevent the un-
49 CFR 262 Standards Applicable to Generators of Hazard-
intended and unauthorized disposal of liquid investigation- 3
ous Waste
derived waste that may contain PFAS into wastewater treat-
Method 537 : Determination of Selected Perfluorinated Al-
ment plants or systems that are not permitted to receive these 4
kyl Acids in Drinking Water
waste streams.
3. Terminology
1.4 This guide describes considerations to prevent the un-
intended and unauthorized disposal of solid investigation-
3.1 Definitions:
derived waste that may contain PFAS into landfills or other
3.1.1 investigation-derived wastes, n—discarded materials
solid waste disposal facilities that are not permitted to receive
resulting from field activities such as sampling, surveying,
these waste streams.
drilling, excavation, and decontamination processes that, in
present form, possess no inherent value or additional useful-
1.5 This guide describes several stormwater pollution pre-
ness without treatment.
vention best management practices applicable to investigation-
derived waste.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the the ASTM website.
direct responsibility of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.
4
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William
approved in 2021. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E3274–21. DOI: Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
10.1520/E3274–24 http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3274 − 24
3.1.1.1 Di
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3274 − 21 E3274 − 24
Standard Guide for
Management of Investigation-Derived Waste Associated with
1
PFAS
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Existing guidance on the management of investigation-derived waste is focused upon cuttings, purge water, personal protective
equipment, and other miscellaneous solid waste generated at property that may be impacted by the release of hazardous materials
and hazardous substances. These hazardous substances include, but are not limited to, heavy metals, petroleum, petroleum
byproducts, solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic corrosives, radioactive material, and explosives.
Guidance on the management of investigation derived waste generated at sites that may be impacted by releases of perfluoroalkyl
and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is limited. This standard guide addresses this deficiency
1.2 This guide describes best practices for managing investigation-derived waste associated with PFAS that are consistent with
federal and state policies and regulations at the date of issuance. The user is advised to determine if new regulations or rules have
been promulgated by the state, federal, or tribal regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the property.
1.3 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of liquid investigation-derived waste
that may contain PFAS into wastewater treatment plants or systems that are not permitted to receive these waste streams.
1.4 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of solid investigation-derived waste
that may contain PFAS into landfills or other solid waste disposal facilities that are not permitted to receive these waste streams.
1.5 This guide describes several stormwater pollution prevention best management practices applicable to investigation-derived
waste.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.
Current edition approved June 1, 2021Feb. 1, 2024. Published August 2021March 2024. Originally approved in 2021. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E3274–21.
DOI: 10.1520/E3274–2110.1520/E3274–24
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3274 − 24
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
E3302 Guide for PFAS Analytical Methods Selection
2.2 Other Standards:
49 CFR 172 Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions, Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response
3
Information, Training Requirements, and Security Plans
3
49 CFR 262 Standards Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste
4
Method 537 : Determination of Selected Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Drinking Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 investigation-derived wastes, n—discarded materials resulting from field activities such as sampling, surveying, drilling,
excavation, and decontamination processes that, in present form, possess no inherent value or additional usefulness without
treatment.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Well development and well p
...
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