ASTM F2232-14(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2232 − 14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach High
Heels from Footwear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 European Standard:
BSEN 12785 Footwear, Test Method for Whole Shoes—
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force
Heel Attachment
required to detach the heel from footwear through the appli-
cation of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement
3. Terminology
rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common
heel failure mode. Heel height of 20 mm ( ⁄16 in.) or larger is
3.1 Definitions:
needed to perform this test method properly. Most women’s 3.1.1 forefoot—the portion of the shoe extending forward
medium and high heeled footwear meets this requirement.
from the break of the joint to the toe, also called forepart.
3.1.2 heel attachment strength—the force in pounds mea-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information sured under the testing conditions of Test Method F2232
required to detach the heel from the sole/insole assembly.
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.3 heel breast—the front face of the shoe heel.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 heel height—the vertical distance from the top back
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
edge of the heel to the plane of the tread (wear) surface of the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
heel.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 insole—the part of the shoe that is a structural anchor
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
to which the upper and heel are fastened during manufacture.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
It may or may not be covered on the foot side by material
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
referred to as a socklining.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.6 outsole—the bottom (sole) of the shoe: including the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
surface which is exposed to wear.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.7 seatboard—a reinforcement (if used) of the insole
2. Referenced Documents
where the heel is attached.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.8 shank—areinforcementinthearch(instep)oftheshoe
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
between the insole and outsole made from steel, wood,
Determine Conformance with Specifications
fiberboard or plastic (individually or in combination).
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
3.1.9 shankboard—the back part of the insole which is
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
fabricated from a firm fiberboard. It is contoured to the arch of
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
the foot for support.
Lot or Process
3.1.10 top piece (toplift)—the bottom layer of a heel (wear
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
surface) usually made of leather, rubber, plastic, steel, or
elastomers.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on
3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to footwear, refer
Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of
to the Footwear Products Glossary.
Subcommittee F13.30 on Footwear.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published February 2020. Originally
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2232 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/F2232-14R20.
2 3
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Apparel & Footwear Assoc. (AAFA), 1601 N. Kent
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F2232 − 14 (2020)
NOTE 1—Heel height is from the top of the heel breast to the bottom of
the top piece.
FIG. 1 Location of Pivot Axis on Heel
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe,
theheel-attachingstrengthisasignificantfactorinensuringthe
wearer’s safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of
the shoe.
4.2 This test should be performed on each new style shoe
and when any changes are made in the design, material or
method of shank or heel area of the shoe, or both, or in the
attachment of the heel in an existing shoe. FIG. 2 Heel Jig Attachment
5. Apparatus
5.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A CRE-type (constant rate of
Lot Size Number of Test Shoes
expansion type) or CRT-type (constant rate of traverse type) 800 or less 2
801 to 22 000 3
with extension or traverse rate of 100 mm/min (4 in./min) with
22 001 and over 5
autographic recorder or automatic microprocessor data gather-
ing system.
7. Conditioning
5.
...