ASTM D3053-17a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D3053 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass
Strength
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Number (OAN)
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rub-
other readily available sources are not included.
ber
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
Hardness (Withdrawn 2017)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
2. Referenced Documents
copy
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and vidual Pellet Hardness
Attrition
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption
D6602 PracticeforSamplingandTestingofPossibleCarbon
Number Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
Particulate, or Both
bution D7854 Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Den- Pressure
sity
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
3. Terminology
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
3.1 Definitions:
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
Transmittance of Toluene Extract
DISCUSSION—The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform
Rubber Products
morphology.
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed
Shipments
of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggre-
ments
gates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
spheroidal primary particles which exhibit uniformity of
4
primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and tur-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
bostratic layering within the primary particles.
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D3053 – 17. DOI:
3
10.1520/D3053-17A. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon black
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on is thermal black, in which primary particles may exist in isolation and the primary
the ASTM website. particle sizes within an aggregate are not necessarily uniform.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3053 − 17a
DISCUSSION—Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological DISCUSSION—These grades are designated with an “N” first character
features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglom- and a second character of “8 or 9” in Table 1 of Classification D1765.
erates. While the fundamental building block of carbon black is the
carbon black, thermal, acetylenic, n—a thermal black pro-
primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly
4
fused by covalent bonds into aggregates. The primary particles are duced from acetylene
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3053 − 17 D3053 − 17a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption Number
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Density
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass Strength
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
3
D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet Hardness (Withdrawn 2017)
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Individual Pellet Hardness
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
D6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or
Both
D7854 Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2017. Published October 2017January 2018. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20152017 as
D3053 – 15.D3053 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D3053-17.10.1520/D3053-17A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3053 − 17a
DISCUSSION—
The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology.
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggregates of aciniform morphology which are composed of spheroidal
4
primary particles which exhibit uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and turbostratic layering within
the primary particles.
DISCUSSION—
Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglomerates. While the fundamental
4
building block of carbon black is the primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly fused by covalent bonds into aggregates.
The primary particles are conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary particle no longer exists, they are no lo
...
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