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ASTM F1158-94(2023)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals

Standard Guide for Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 If a seal can be opened by any means and successfully reapplied without exhibiting signs indicative of prior attack, the integral quality of the seal is in serious question. This guide allows that any particular method of attempted defeat can be employed to defeat a seal, and concentrates not on the effectiveness of the seal to resist that attack, but rather on the nature of the individual seal to inhibit reapplication.  
4.2 This standard presents guidelines for inspection to assist in determining whether an attempt to defeat a security seal, and to possibly reapply the seal, has been made. In all cases, the guidelines are meant to focus attention on signs of attack and reapplication.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the inspection and evaluation of tampering of security seals.  
1.2 A security seal is a device intended to detect tampering or entry. Evaluate only single use locking devices under this guide. The following procedures shall serve as guidelines for detecting attempts at defeat and reapplication of a security seal.  
1.3 This guide is not intended to be fully comprehensive; certain types of security seals, such as labels, have not been addressed to date. Further, it is the responsibility of users of this guide to interpret their specific security needs concerning the use of seals, and to determine the grade of seal appropriate for their particular application. ASTM assumes no responsibility for losses occurring as a result of a defeated seal.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
97.020 - Home economics in general
Technical Committee
F12 - Security Systems and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F12.50 - Locking Devices
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1158-94(2015) - Standard Guide for Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM F1157-04(2023) - Standard Practice for Classifying the Relative Performance of the Physical Properties of Security Seals
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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ASTM F1158-94(2023) - Standard Guide for Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security SealsASTM F1158-94(2023) - Standard Guide for Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals
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ASTM F1158-94(2023) - Standard Guide for Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1158 − 94 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the inspection and 4.1 If a seal can be opened by any means and successfully
evaluation of tampering of security seals. reapplied without exhibiting signs indicative of prior attack,
the integral quality of the seal is in serious question. This guide
1.2 A security seal is a device intended to detect tampering
allows that any particular method of attempted defeat can be
or entry. Evaluate only single use locking devices under this
employed to defeat a seal, and concentrates not on the
guide. The following procedures shall serve as guidelines for
effectiveness of the seal to resist that attack, but rather on the
detecting attempts at defeat and reapplication of a security seal.
nature of the individual seal to inhibit reapplication.
1.3 This guide is not intended to be fully comprehensive;
4.2 This standard presents guidelines for inspection to assist
certain types of security seals, such as labels, have not been
in determining whether an attempt to defeat a security seal, and
addressed to date. Further, it is the responsibility of users of
to possibly reapply the seal, has been made. In all cases, the
this guide to interpret their specific security needs concerning
guidelines are meant to focus attention on signs of attack and
the use of seals, and to determine the grade of seal appropriate
reapplication.
for their particular application. ASTM assumes no responsibil-
ity for losses occurring as a result of a defeated seal.
5. Seal Classification
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.1 General—For the purpose of comparing seal physical
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
properties, seal classes are grouped according to the following
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
description of applicable seals:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.2 Groups:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2.1 Group 1—Flexible cable and wire seals.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.2.2 Group 2—Strap, cinch seals.
5.2.3 Group 3—Rigid bolt and rod seals, including heavy
2. Referenced Documents
duty metal padlock type.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2.4 Group 4—Twisted rod or wire seals (pigtail).
F832 Classification for Security Seals
5.2.5 Group 5—Padlock type seals, scored seals, metal, or
F883 Performance Specification for Padlocks
plastic base.
F946 Guide for Establishing Security Seal Control and
5.2.6 Group 6—Fiber optic seals.
Accountability Procedures
6. Guidelines for Inspection and Evaluation of
3. Teminology
Tampering
3.1 Definition:
6.1 Group 1 Seals (Cable and Wire Seals)—Inspect for a
3.1.1 seal—a passive, one-time locking device used to
frayed appearance at the point where the main length of cable
detect tampering or entry, afford limited resistance (to entry) or
or wire meets the locking portion of the seal. Usually under
provide a combination of both functional aspects.
compression, if this region of the seal has been twisted free of
its retaining junction at the locking point, it may provide visual
indication that the uniform pattern of material has been
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security
disturbed. The attempt at reinsertion of the cable into the
Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.50 on
Locking Devices.
locking mechanism, if successful, may also be detected by easy
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
withdrawal of the cable
...

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ABSTRACT
This practice covers methods for testing the physical properties of mechanical (passive) security seals. Where appropriate, the various tests include particular apparatus or procedural specifications required for different types of security seals. A security seal shall be evaluated in accordance with its classification into one of five general groups and its performance in the following six tests: pull (tensile) shear, bending, impact, low temperature impact, and high temperature pull (tensile). A security seal shall receive a grade designation based upon its measured performance in each of the required tests. The seals shall be classified according to groups: Group 1; Group 2; Group 3; Group 4; and Group 5. Pull test, shear test, bending test, impact test, and extreme temperature tests shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
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1.1 This practice covers methods for testing the physical properties of mechanical (passive) security seals. Where appropriate, the various tests include particular apparatus or procedural specifications required for different types of security seals. This practice does not address adhesive (tape or label style) or electronic types of security seals.  
1.2 This practice will serve as a basis for comparing the response of various security seals under different simulated modes of attack. The security seal to be evaluated shall first be classified into established groupings, and then tested in the manner designated as most suitable for that class of seal, in accordance with Classification F832.  
1.3 A mechanical security seal is a single use, passive device intended to detect tampering or entry into the sealed item. Removal of the security seal requires permanent and irreversible damage to the seal. The following procedures reflect the relative performance of security seals when subject to various destructive physical attacks. These tests simulate known and likely security seal implementation and attack methods.  
1.4 Security seals often contain unique identification markings for authentication purposes to discourage duplication and to prevent reapplication. This practice does not address unique identifiers or vulnerabilities of security seals.
Note 1: See Guide F1158 for procedures on the inspection and evaluation of tampering of security seals. See also Guide F946.  
1.5 It is the responsibility of users of this practice to interpret their specific security needs concerning the application of seals, and to determine the grade of seal appropriate for their particular application. ASTM assumes no responsibility for losses occurring as a result of a defeated seal, whether the defeat is apparent, or the seal is not suited for its application.  
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This practice covers methods for testing the physical properties of mechanical (passive) security seals. Where appropriate, the various tests include particular apparatus or procedural specifications required for different types of security seals. A security seal shall be evaluated in accordance with its classification into one of five general groups and its performance in the following six tests: pull (tensile) shear, bending, impact, low temperature impact, and high temperature pull (tensile). A security seal shall receive a grade designation based upon its measured performance in each of the required tests. The seals shall be classified according to groups: Group 1; Group 2; Group 3; Group 4; and Group 5. Pull test, shear test, bending test, impact test, and extreme temperature tests shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
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1.2 This practice will serve as a basis for comparing the response of various security seals under different simulated modes of attack. The security seal to be evaluated shall first be classified into established groupings, and then tested in the manner designated as most suitable for that class of seal, in accordance with Classification F832.  
1.3 A mechanical security seal is a single use, passive device intended to detect tampering or entry into the sealed item. Removal of the security seal requires permanent and irreversible damage to the seal. The following procedures reflect the relative performance of security seals when subject to various destructive physical attacks. These tests simulate known and likely security seal implementation and attack methods.  
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4.1 Cleaning provides well documented benefits in terms of creating cleaner, safer, and healthier surroundings by extracting harmful pollutants from the indoor environment (see Ref (3)). An improperly maintained indoor environment could give rise to biological contaminants, and buildup of particulate matter and gases which can have serious health effects. These negative impacts may have adverse affects on worker productivity affecting both cleaning personnel and tenants through increased complaints, absenteeism, injuries, asthmatic incidents, or other symptoms. Inappropriate or improper use or selection of cleaning products and processes, along with failure to follow label directions could result in injury or illness to cleaning personnel or building occupants. In addition, it may be detrimental to the physical structure and systems of the building, or to the environment. Moreover, owners and operators maintain the liability for the proper function of the building and its impacts on the occupants and cleaning personnel.  
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