ASTM D4489-95(2006)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D4489–95(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practices for
Sampling of Waterborne Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in 3.1 Definitions—For the definitions of terms used in these
collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D3415), oil practices, refer to Terminology D1129.
found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for com- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
parison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic tech- 3.2.1 chain of custody—a documented accountability of
niques, and for elemental analyses. each sample, that is, date, time, and signature of each recipient
1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves “grab when the sample changes hands, from the time of collection
sampling”macrooilsamples.PracticeBcanbeusedtosample until the requirement for each sample is terminated.
most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in 3.2.2 waterborne oil—refer to Practice D3415.
sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be
4. Significance and Use
dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the
spilled oil. These two practices are: 4.1 Identification of the source of a spilled oil is established
by comparison with known oils selected because of their
Sections
Practice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or 9 to 13
possible relationship to the spill, that is, potential sources.
oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil)
Generally, the suspected source oils are from pipelines, tanks,
Practice B (for TFE–fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) 14 to17
etc., and therefore pose little problems in sampling compared
1.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil
to the spilled oil. This practice addresses the sampling of
samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the
spilled oils in particular, but could be applied to appropriate
possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by
source situations, for example, a ship’s bilge.
prolonged contact with water between the time of collection
and analysis. 5. Apparatus
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Sample Containers, 100 to 125-mL wide-mouth glass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
jars that have been thoroughly cleaned. When field expedients
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
must be employed, an empty container of each type used
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
shouldbeincludedintheshipmenttothelaboratory,tobeused
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecifichazards
as a blank to measure inadvertent contamination.
statements, see Section 7.
5.2 Closures—Lids for the glass jars should have TFE-
fluorocarbon polymer film or aluminum-coated insert.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Strip Samplers, 5 by 7.5 cm pieces ofTFE-fluorocarbon
2.1 ASTM Standards:
polymer sheets (0.25 mm thickness, or screen or fabric (50–70
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
mesh)).
D3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils
5.4 Wooden Tongue Depressor.
5.5 TFE-Fluorocarbon Polymer Net Sampling Kit.
6. Reagents
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
6.1 High Purity Solvents, that must be used for rinsing
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis
for Organic Substances in Water.
samplers and sample containers. The solvents which may be
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006. Published February 2007. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4489–95(2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D4489-95R06. Sampling kit available from General Oceanics, Miami, FL, or equivalent, is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or suitable.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM MCB Spectroquality solvents, available from MCB Manufacturing Chemists,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Inc. (Associate of E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 480 Democrat Rd., Gibbstown,
the ASTM website. NJ 08027, or equivalent are suitable.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4489–95 (2006)
used are n-hexane, mixed hexanes, cyclohexane, pentane, or 10. Summary of Practice
dichloromethane, acetone, or chloroform.
10.1 Thesamplingconsistsofcollectingthesampledirectly
with the sample container, that is, scooping the sample up in
7. Hazards
the sample jar and sealing.
7.1 Precaution: Extreme care should be exercised so as not
11. Apparatus
to contaminate the samples or cause their integrity to be
questioned.
11.1 The sample container serves as the sampling device
7.2 Warning: The rinsing solvents are volatile and, except (see 5.1). The glass jars and lid liners should be rinsed three
for dichloromethane, are flammable, and therefore should be
times with a high purity solvent (see 6.1), allowed to air dry,
handled with appropriate care. Dichloromethane will release and assembled prior to use. Sample jars that are precleaned
toxic vapors when heated.
using EPA recommended wash procedures for organics are
acceptable.
7.3 Minimize contact with oil even when wearing gloves.
NOTE 2—To avoid possible sample contamination, do not reuse sample
8. General Sampling Guidelines
containers, lids, or liners.
8.1 The objective is to obtain a sample for analysis that is
11.2 Nitrile gloves are to be worn during sampling.
representative of the spilled oil. The most critical factors in
11.3 Adetachable ring for the sample jar and sampling pole
sampling are selecting a suitable location, collecting a sample
may be useful to extend sampling range.
of oil with the least water possible (to minimize possible
sample alteration), and maintaining the sample integrity.
12. Procedure for Floating Samples
8.2 Itisrecommendedthatatleastthreesamplesbetakenof
12.1 Select the sampling site.
eachwaterborneoilinordertodemonstratethehomogeneityof
12.2 Unscrew the lid from the sample jar. Hold the jar in
the spill.These samples should be taken in different regions of
position for sampling; hold the lid in a free hand or place the
the oil slick at points where the accumulation is heaviest. This
lidinasafeposition.Gentlylowerthesamplejarintothewater
will increase the volume of oil available for analysis. In the
and gently skim the oil layer or oil globules from the water
event that multiple samples cannot be collected, then a single
surface into the sample container. Continue the process until
sample should be collected from the area where the accumu-
the sample container is approximately three-quarters full.
lation of oil visually appears to be the heaviest.
12.3 Remove the sample container from the water surface,
8.3 The following general rules are applicable to sampling
replace and tighten the lid. Invert the jar and allow the
of waterborne oils:
container to stand in this position for 2 to 3 min.
8.3.1 Take a sample that contains sufficient oil for the
12.4 Gently unscrew the sample jar lid and allow the water
method or methods of analysis to be employed and for any
layer to drain out of the inverted container. Seal the lid and
replicate analyses that may be required.
return the jar to the upright position.
8.3.2 Affix a label or tag to the sample jar in such a manner
12.5 Repeat 12.2 to 12.4, if necessary, until approximately
that it becomes an integral part of the container. The label or
60 mL of oil is collected, or until there is no increase in the
tag should contain the following information: sample identifi-
amou
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