ASTM D4489-95(2001)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D4489–95(Reapproved2001)
Standard Practices for
Sampling of Waterborne Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils
1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in
3. Terminology
collectingsamplesofwaterborneoils(seePracticeD3415),oil
3.1 Definitions—For the definitions of terms used in these
found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for com-
practices, refer to Terminology D1129.
parison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic tech-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
niques, and for elemental analyses.
3.2.1 chain of custody—a documented accountability of
1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves“ grab
each sample, that is, date, time, and signature of each recipient
sampling”macrooilsamples.PracticeBcanbeusedtosample
when the sample changes hands, from the time of collection
most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in
until the requirement for each sample is terminated.
sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be
3.2.2 waterborne oil—refer to Practice D3415.
dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the
spilled oil. These two practices are:
4. Significance and Use
Sections
4.1 Identification of the source of a spilled oil is established
Practice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or 9 to 13
oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil)
by comparison with known oils selected because of their
Practice B (for TFE–fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) 14 to17
possible relationship to the spill, that is, potential sources.
1.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil Generally, the suspected source oils are from pipelines, tanks,
samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the etc., and therefore pose little problems in sampling compared
possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by to the spilled oil. This practice addresses the sampling of
prolonged contact with water between the time of collection spilled oils in particular, but could be applied to appropriate
and analysis. source situations, for example, a ship’s bilge.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Sample Containers, 100 to 125-mL wide-mouth glass
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
jars that have been thoroughly cleaned. When field expedients
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
must be employed, an empty container of each type used
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecifichazards
shouldbeincludedintheshipmenttothelaboratory,tobeused
statements, see Section 7.
as a blank to measure inadvertent contamination.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Closures—Lids for the glass jars should have TFE-
fluorocarbon polymer film or aluminum-coated insert.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water 5.3 Strip Samplers, 5 by 7.5 cm pieces ofTFE-fluorocarbon
polymer sheets (0.25 mm thickness, or screen or fabric (50–70
mesh)).
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
5.4 Wooden Tongue Depressor.
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis
for Organic Substances in Water.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally
e1
published as D4489–85. Last previous edition D4489–85(1990) .
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4489–95 (2001)
5.5 TFE-Fluorocarbon Polymer Net Sampling Kit. PRACTICE A—GRAB SAMPLING
6. Reagents
9. Scope
6.1 High Purity Solvents, that must be used for rinsing
9.1 This practice is applicable to thick layers of waterborne
samplers and sample containers. The solvents which may be
oil films, viscous oils, oil globules, and tar balls.
used are n-hexane, mixed hexanes, cyclohexane, pentane, or
9.2 This practice is also applicable to sampling oil stranded
dichloromethane, acetone, or chloroform.
on shorelines or oil-soaked debris.
7. Hazards
10. Summary of Practice
7.1 Precaution: Extreme care should be exercised so as not
10.1 Thesamplingconsistsofcollectingthesampledirectly
to contaminate the samples or cause their integrity to be
with the sample container, that is, scooping the sample up in
questioned.
the sample jar and sealing.
7.2 Warning: The rinsing solvents are volatile and, except
for dichloromethane, are flammable, and therefore should be
11. Apparatus
handled with appropriate care. Dichloromethane will release
11.1 The sample container serves as the sampling device
toxic vapors when heated.
(see 5.1). The glass jars and lid liners should be rinsed three
7.3 Minimize contact with oil even when wearing gloves.
times with a high purity solvent (see 6.1), allowed to air dry,
8. General Sampling Guidelines
and assembled prior to use. Sample jars that are precleaned
using EPA recommended wash procedures for organics are
8.1 The objective is to obtain a sample for analysis that is
acceptable.
representative of the spilled oil. The most critical factors in
sampling are selecting a suitable location, collecting a sample
NOTE 2—To avoid possible sample contamination, do not reuse sample
of oil with the least water possible (to minimize possible
containers, lids, or liners.
sample alteration), and maintaining the sample integrity.
11.2 Nitrile gloves are to be worn during sampling.
8.2 Itisrecommendedthatatleastthreesamplesbetakenof
11.3 Adetachable ring for the sample jar and sampling pole
eachwaterborneoilinordertodemonstratethehomogeneityof
may be useful to extend sampling range.
the spill.These samples should be taken in different regions of
the oil slick at points where the accumulation is heaviest. This
12. Procedure for Floating Samples
will increase the volume of oil available for analysis. In the
12.1 Select the sampling site.
event that multiple samples cannot be collected, then a single
12.2 Unscrew the lid from the sample jar. Hold the jar in
sample should be collected from the area where the accumu-
position for sampling; hold the lid in a free hand or place the
lation of oil visually appears to be the heaviest.
lidinasafeposition.Gentlylowerthesamplejarintothewater
8.3 The following general rules are applicable to sampling
and gently skim the oil layer or oil globules from the water
of waterborne oils:
surface into the sample container. Continue the process until
8.3.1 Take a sample that contains sufficient oil for the
the sample container is approximately three-quarters full.
method or methods of analysis to be employed and for any
12.3 Remove the sample container from the water surface,
replicate analyses that may be required.
replace and tighten the lid. Invert the jar and allow the
8.3.2 Affix a label or tag to the sample jar in such a manner
container to stand in this position for 2 to 3 min.
that it becomes an integral part of the container. The label or
12.4 Gently unscrew the sample jar lid and allow the water
tag should contain the following information: sample identifi-
layer to drain out of the inverted container. Seal the lid and
cation, date and time of collection, location of collection,
return the jar to the upright position.
signature of person collecting the sample, and at least one
12.5 Repeat 12.2 to 12.4, if necessary, until approximately
witness to the collection.
60 mL of oil is collected, or until there is no inc
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