ASTM A372/A372M-20e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:A372/A372M −20
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure
Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA372/A372M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Corrections were made in Table 2 and 6.6.1 editorially in August 2020.
1. Scope* each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
2 ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
1.1 This specification covers relatively thin-walled forg-
used independently of the other, and values from the two
ings (including gas bottles) for pressure vessel use.Three types
systems shall not be combined.
of carbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included.
Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vessel 1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
bodies made from seamless pipe or tubing. tion designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to
inch-pound units.
NOTE 1—When working to the chemical and tensile requirements of
this specification, the influence of wall thickness and cooling rate will 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
necessarily eliminate certain forging sizes in each class.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 2—Designations have been changed as follows:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Current Formerly
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Grade A Type I
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Grade B Type II
Grade C Type III
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Grade D Type IV
Grade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55
2. Referenced Documents
Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65
Grade E Class 70 Type V Grade 1 Class 70
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65
Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70
Steel Forgings
Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65
of Steel Products
Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70
Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4 Class 55 A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Grade H Class 65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65
Forgings
Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70
A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for
Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55
Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
Grade K Type VI
quirements
Grade L Type VII
Grade J Class 110 Type VIII
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
Grade M Class 85 Type IX Class A
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-
Grade M Class 100 Type IX Class B
eral Industry
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductil-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
ity
E433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
tion
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally
published in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A372/A372M–16. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/A0372_A0372M-20E01. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-372/SA-372M in Section II of that code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A372/A372M−20
2.2 ASME Standard: 4.3.3.2 If an attachment is welded onto a previously
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code quenched and tempered pressure vessel, the post-weld heat
treatment temperature of a weldment shall not exceed the prior
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
tempering temperature of the pressure vessel. Fabrication
welding of pressure shell is not permitted.Attachment welding
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with before heat treatment is not permitted.
4.3.4 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be subject
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written
descriptionoftheforgingandtheareasofsignificantloadingin to magnetic particle examination in accordance with Section 7.
4.3.5 Heat treatment is to be performed after all forming
the forging when required (see 6.4.2.2).
operations.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
5. Chemical Composition
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi- pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall
tional supplementary requirements. comply with Table 1.
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict 5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a
requirements of this specification shall prevail. product analysis from a forging representing each heat or
multiple heat.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Melting Practice—The steel melting procedures of
Specification A788/A788M shall apply except that for Grades
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
M, N, P, and Grades J and Class 110 forgings, only steel that
has been vacuum treated before or during the pouring of the
Element Composition, %
ingot, to remove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen, Grade E
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Classes
shall be used.
55, 65, 70
4.2 ProductionMethods—Methodsfortheproductionofgas
Carbon 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.48 max 0.40–0.50 0.25–0.35
Manganese 1.00 max 1.35 max 1.65 max 1.40–1.80 0.40–0.90
bottles and similar vessels shall include the cupping of slabs or
Phosphorus,
plates, the piercing of billets or plates, and the subsequent 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
max
drawing of cups so produced. Such semifinished forgings or
Sulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35
seamless steel pipe or tubing shall be closed by spinning,
Nickel . . . . .
swedging, or pressing. In all cases, there shall be sufficient
Chromium . . . . 0.80–1.15
discard to ensure soundness in the completed forging.
Molybdenum . . . 0.17–0.27 0.15–0.25
Vanadium . . . . .
4.3 Heat Treatment:
Boron . . . . .
4.3.1 Attheoptionofthemanufacturer,GradesA,B,C,and Grade J
Grade F Grade G Grade H
Classes
D and Classes 55, 65, and 70 of Grades E, F, G, H, and J
Classes Classes Classes Grade K
55,
55, 65, 70 55, 65, 70 55, 65, 70
forgings shall be normalized, normalized and tempered, liquid
65, 70, 110
quenched and tempered, or normalized followed by liquid Carbon 0.30–0.40 0.25–0.35 0.30–0.40 0.35–0.50 0.18 max
Manganese 0.70–1.00 0.70–1.00 0.75–1.05 0.75–1.05 0.10–0.40
quench and temper.
Phosphorus,
0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, N, P, and Classes 90 and 110 of
max
Grades J and R forgings shall be liquid quenched and Sulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35
tempered, or normalized followed by liquid quench and tem-
Nickel . . . . 2.0–3.3
per.
Chromium 0.80–1.15 0.40–0.65 0.40–0.65 0.80–1.15 1.00–1.80
Molybdenum 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.20–0.60
4.3.3 When normalized forgings are to be tempered, or
Vanadium . . . . .
when forgings have been quenched, they shall be reheated to a
Boron . . . . .
subcritical temperature and held for at least ⁄2 h/in. [25 mm] of
Grade N Grade P Grade R
Grade M
Classes Classes Classes 55,
maximum cross section.
Grade L Classes 85
100, 120, 100, 120, 65, 70, 90,
4.3.3.1 Minimum tempering temperatures shall be as fol- and 100
140 140 110
lows:
Carbon 0.38–0.43 0.23 max 0.35 max 0.40 max 0.35–0.50
Manganese 0.60–0.80 0.20–0.40 0.90 max 0.90 max 0.75–1.05
Grades E, F, G, H, J in Classes 55, 65, 70, 90 1100 °F [595 °C]
Phosphorus,
Grade K 1100 °F [595 °C]
0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
max
Grades L, N, P, R 1000 °F [540 °C]
Sulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.010
Grade J Class 110 1000 °F [540 °C]
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.15–0.35
Grade M 1100 °F [595 °C]
Nickel 1.65–2.00 2.8–3.9 1.5–2.25 2.3–3.3 .
Chromium 0.70–0.90 1.50–2.00 0.80–2.00 0.80–2.00 0.80–1.15
Molybdenum 0.20–0.30 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.40 0.30–0.50 0.15–0.25
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Vanadium . 0.08 max 0.20 max 0.20 max .
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// Boron . . . . 5–20 ppm
www.asme.org.
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A372/A372M−20
A
TABLE 3 Distance Between Plates for Flattening Tests
5.3 Starting material produced to a specification that spe-
Type Distance Between Plates
cifically requires the addition of any element beyond those
Grade A 0.50 D
listed in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is not
Grade B 0.6 D
permitted. This does not preclude use of deoxidation or
Grade C 0.65 D
inclusion control additions. Supplementary Requirements S1
Grade D 0.7 D
Grades E, F, G, H, J, R (Class 55) 0.7 D
and S2 of Specification A788/A788M shall apply.
Grades E, F, G, H, J, R (Class 65) 0.8 D
5.4 Temper Embrittlement Control—The purchaser’s atten- Grades E, F, G, H, J, R Class 70)
0.8 D
and Grades J, R (Class 90)
tion is drawn to Supplementary Requirement S24 in Specifi-
Grades J, R (Class 110) 0.9 D
cation A788/A788M for application of the J Factor, which may
Grade K 0.8 D
Grade L 0.9 D
be of assistance in the control of temper embrittlement in
Grade M (Class 85) 0.7 D
forgings produced to Specification A372/A372M.
Grade M (Class 100) 0.8 D
Grades N, P (Class 100) 0.8 D
6. Mechanical Properties
Grades N, P (Classes 120, 140) 0.9 D
A
D = outside diameter.
6.1 Mechanical tests for acceptance shall be made after the
final heat treatment of the forgings.
6.2 Tension Test—When tested in accordance with Test
6.3.2 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters
Methods and Definitions A370, the material shall conform to
over 14 in. [355 mm], or where the D/T ratio is 10.0 or less at
the re
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