ASTM D1831-21

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1831 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thetermconsistencyisusedsomewhat
synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers
1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes in
to the worked penetration of a grease. D217
the consistency, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricat-
ing greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus. 3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D217
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are 3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
imparting special properties are often included. D217
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 penetration, n—of lubricating grease, the depth that
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- the standard cone enters the sample when released to fall under
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
its own weight for 5 s. D217
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.5 reduced-scale penetration, n—of lubricating grease,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1 1
the depth in units of 0.1 mm that a ⁄4-scale cone or ⁄2-scale
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cone penetrates the sample when released to fall under its own
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
weight for 5 s.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5.1 Discussion—The term reduced-scale penetration is
2 similar to the term penetration found in Test Methods D217.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
However, due to the differences in scale, the terms are not
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
synonymous and should not be confused.
Grease
3.1.6 reduced-scale penetrometer, n—an instrument similar
D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
to that shown in Fig. 1 of Test Methods D217, designed to
Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone
measure the consistency or hardness of semi-liquid to semi-
Equipment
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solid materials by measuring the depth to which the ⁄4-scale or
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the ⁄2-scale cone falls into grease.
3. Terminology
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3.1.6.1 Discussion—Either a ⁄4-scale cone or a ⁄2-scale
3.1 Definitions:
cone can be used to determine the consistency of lubricating
3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of
greases when the quantity of sample available for testing is
resistance to movement under stress.
limited. The penetration forces are determined by the respec-
tive masses of the cones and shafts.
3.1.7 reduced-scale worked penetration, n—of lubricating
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
grease, the penetration at 25 °C (77 °F), without delay, of a
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
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Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.
sample after 60 double strokes in a ⁄4-scale or ⁄2-scale grease
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally
worker.
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D1831 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/D1831-21.
3.1.8 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to form the product’s structure.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.1.8.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (
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