ASTM D8078-18e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ash Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues
Standard Test Method for Ash Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test is used for determining the amount of inorganic or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice D7497, AASHTO R78, or other agency-specified methods. This test may be useful as an alternative to solubility tests when a confounding material creates an interference to the solubility test being performed acceptably. An example of an interfering material is a polymer which may be incompatible with the solubility test solvent and plug the filter.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Mar-2018
- Technical Committee
- D04 - Road and Paving Materials
- Drafting Committee
- D04.47 - Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests
Relations
- Replaces
ASTM D8078-18 - Standard Test Method for Ash Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues - Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2007
Overview
ASTM D8078-18e1 is the Standard Test Method for Ash Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues, published by ASTM International. This standard specifies procedures for determining the amount of inorganic or non-organic (ash) material present in asphalt and emulsified asphalt residues. Accurate assessment of ash content is crucial for quality assurance, specification compliance, and evaluating the suitability of asphalt materials used in roadway and paving applications.
This method serves as an alternative to traditional solubility tests, especially when interfering substances-such as certain polymers-affect the reliability of the solubility test. The standard is intended for use by laboratories, agencies, and organizations that require precise measurement of non-combustible content in bituminous materials.
Key Topics
- Purpose and Application: Measures the ash (inorganic) content in both asphalt and emulsified asphalt residues, providing essential data for material quality and specification adherence.
- Sample Preparation: Utilizes residues obtained from methods such as ASTM D6934, ASTM D6997, ASTM D7497, or AASHTO R78.
- Test Equipment:
- Crucibles (porcelain or quartz-fiber)
- Crucible tongs
- Muffle furnace (capable of 900 ± 25°C)
- Analytical balance (with 0.001 g sensitivity)
- Desiccator for cooling samples
- Procedure Summary:
- A known mass of asphalt residue is incinerated in a muffle furnace.
- Organic material is burned off, leaving only the inorganic ash.
- Ash content is calculated gravimetrically.
- Reporting and Quality Assurance:
- Results are given in SI units to the nearest 0.01%.
- Reliability depends on operator skill, equipment maintenance, and adherence to specifications such as ASTM D3666.
- Safety and Compliance:
- Users must ensure safe laboratory practices and compliance with local regulations.
Applications
ASTM D8078-18e1 is essential wherever accurate assessment of the non-volatile mineral content of asphalt materials is required, including:
- Paving and Road Construction: Ensures that the asphalt binder meets performance and durability requirements by quantifying filler and additive content.
- Material Specification Checks: Used by quality control laboratories and agencies during acceptance testing of asphalt binders and emulsions.
- Research and Development: Supports the development of new bituminous materials and formulations, particularly where additives or modifiers may confound other analytical methods.
- Troubleshooting and Failure Analysis: Detects harmful levels of inorganic contaminants that may affect pavement performance.
This standard provides an effective alternative to solubility methods when troublesome polymers or modifiers are present, helping practitioners achieve accurate, reliable measurements for quality control and compliance.
Related Standards
- ASTM D6934 - Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt
- ASTM D6997 - Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
- ASTM D7497 - Practice for Recovering Residue from Emulsified Asphalt Using Low Temperature Evaporative Technique
- AASHTO R78 - Recovering Residue from Emulsified Asphalt Using Low-Temperature Evaporative Techniques
- ASTM D3666 - Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
These documents provide complementary procedures for preparing and handling asphalt residues, as well as specifying laboratory quality requirements. Refer to them for comprehensive solutions to asphalt and emulsified asphalt residue testing.
Keywords: ASTM D8078, ash content of asphalt, emulsified asphalt residues, inorganic materials in bitumen, muffle furnace test, asphalt residue analysis, road materials quality control, alternative to solubility test, ASTM asphalt standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D8078-18e1 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Ash Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test is used for determining the amount of inorganic or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice D7497, AASHTO R78, or other agency-specified methods. This test may be useful as an alternative to solubility tests when a confounding material creates an interference to the solubility test being performed acceptably. An example of an interfering material is a polymer which may be incompatible with the solubility test solvent and plug the filter. Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test is used for determining the amount of inorganic or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice D7497, AASHTO R78, or other agency-specified methods. This test may be useful as an alternative to solubility tests when a confounding material creates an interference to the solubility test being performed acceptably. An example of an interfering material is a polymer which may be incompatible with the solubility test solvent and plug the filter. Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D8078-18e1 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D8078-18e1 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D8078-18, ASTM D3666-16, ASTM D3666-13, ASTM E691-13, ASTM D3666-11, ASTM E691-11, ASTM D3666-09a, ASTM D7497-09, ASTM E691-08, ASTM D6934-08, ASTM D3666-07ae1, ASTM D3666-07a, ASTM D3666-07e2, ASTM D3666-07, ASTM D3666-07e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D8078-18e1 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation:D8078 −18
Standard Test Method for
Ash Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 8 editorially in September 2019.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
or emulsified asphalt residue.
AASHTOR78 RecoveringResiduefromEmulsifiedAsphalt
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
using Low-Temperature Evaporative Techniques
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.1 A known amount of asphalt or emulsified asphalt
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
residue is put into a crucible, which is then placed into a muffle
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
furnace for a period of time to incinerate any organic materials
as requirements of the standard.
present and allow gravimetric calculation of the ash content of
the specimen.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 Thistestisusedfordeterminingtheamountofinorganic
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
residue. The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D7497, AASHTO R78, or other agency-specified methods.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Thistestmaybeusefulasanalternativetosolubilitytestswhen
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
a confounding material creates an interference to the solubility
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
test being performed acceptably. An example of an interfering
material is a polymer which may be incompatible with the
2. Referenced Documents
solubility test solvent and plug the filter.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure
and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally
D6934 Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsi-
considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling,
fied Asphalt
inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results.
D7497 Practice for Recovering Residue from Emulsified Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of
Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a
Asphalt Using Low Temperature Evaporative Technique
means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
5. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 on 5.1 Crucible—Porcelain or quartz-fiber, of sufficient size
Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests.
(normally 30 to 100-cm capacity) and suitability for muffle
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally
furnace, may be used.
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8078 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/D8078-18E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
´1
D8078−18
5.2 Crucible Tongs—Sufficient size to transfer the crucib
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