Name: ASTM E2432-05 - Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings
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Abstract

Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings

SCOPE
1.1 Sustainabilty has three types of general principles: environmental, economic, and social. This guide covers the fundamental concepts and associated building characteristics for each of the general principles of sustainability.
1.2 This guide distinguishes between ideal sustainability and applied sustainability. Ideally, human activities would not require making trade-offs among environmental, economic, and social goals. However, this guide recognizes that, in applying sustainability principles to buildings, decision makers must often balance opportunities and challenges associated with each of the general principles.
1.3 This guide identifies general methodologies associated with the decision-making process used in pursuing sustainability.
1.4 This guide addresses buildings individually and in aggregate (collectively).
1.4.1 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to all scales of building projects, including: interior spaces, individual buildings and groups of buildings, infrastructure systems, and land use.
1.4.2 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to all life-cycle stages of a building and its components, including: material extraction, product manufacturing, product transportation, planning, siting, design, specification, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, retrofit, reuse, deconstruction, and waste disposal of buildings.
1.5 A variety of tools and standards exist that qualify and quantify impacts of buildings, building materials, and building methods in terms of one or more of the general principles of sustainability. It is not within the scope of this standard to recreate or replace these tools.
1.6 This guide does not provide direction as to the specific implementation of the general principles; nor does it provide direction as to the specific weighting of principles necessary for achieving balance.
1.7 Implementation of this guide will require professional judgment. Such judgment should be informed by experience with environmental, economic, and social issues as appropriate to the building use, type, scale, and location.
1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status

Historical

Publication Date

14-Aug-2005

ICS

91.040.01 - Buildings in general

Technical Committee

E60 - Sustainability

Drafting Committee

E60.01 - Buildings and Construction

Current Stage

Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By

ASTM E2432-11 - Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings

Effective Date

01-Aug-2011

Referred By

ASTM E2777-20 - Standard Guide for Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E3341-22 - Standard Guide for General Principles of Resilience

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E2635-22 - Standard Practice for Water Conservation in Buildings Through In-Situ Water Reclamation

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E2728-19 - Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Buildings

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E3350-22 - Standard Guide for Community Resilience Planning for Buildings and Infrastructure

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E3136-18 - Standard Guide for Climate Resiliency in Water Resources

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E3032-22 - Standard Guide for Climate Resiliency Planning and Strategy

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E2725-19 - Standard Guide for Basic Assessment and Management of Greenhouse Gases

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

Referred By

ASTM E1765-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Projects, Products, and Processes

Effective Date

15-Aug-2005

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ASTM E2432-05 - Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings

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ASTM E2432-05 - Standard Guide...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2432–05
Standard Guide for
1
General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation E2432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope with environmental, economic, and social issues as appropriate
to the building use, type, scale, and location.
1.1 Sustainabilty has three types of general principles:
1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information
environmental, economic, and social. This guide covers the
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspeciﬁccourse
fundamental concepts and associated building characteristics
of action. This document cannot replace education or experi-
for each of the general principles of sustainability.
ence and should be used in conjunction with professional
1.2 This guide distinguishes between ideal sustainability
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
and applied sustainability. Ideally, human activities would not
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
require making trade-offs among environmental, economic,
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
and social goals. However, this guide recognizes that, in
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
applying sustainability principles to buildings, decision makers
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
must often balance opportunities and challenges associated
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
with each of the general principles.
document means only that the document has been approved
1.3 This guide identiﬁes general methodologies associated
through the ASTM consensus process.
with the decision-making process used in pursuing sustainabil-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ity.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.4 This guide addresses buildings individually and in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
aggregate (collectively).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.4.1 The general principles identiﬁed in this guide are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
applicable to all scales of building projects, including: interior
spaces, individual buildings and groups of buildings, infra-
2. Referenced Documents
structure systems, and land use.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4.2 The general principles identiﬁed in this guide are
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
applicable to all life-cycle stages of a building and its compo-
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings
nents, including: material extraction, product manufacturing,
and Building Systems
product transportation, planning, siting, design, speciﬁcation,
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Per-
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, retroﬁt, re-
formance of Buildings
use, deconstruction, and waste disposal of buildings.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.5 A variety of tools and standards exist that qualify and
ISO 14040 Life Cycle Assessment
quantify impacts of buildings, building materials, and building
methods in terms of one or more of the general principles of
3. Terminology
sustainability. It is not within the scope of this standard to
3.1 Deﬁnitions:
recreate or replace these tools.
3.1.1 For terms related to building construction, refer to
1.6 This guide does not provide direction as to the speciﬁc
Terminology E631.
implementation of the general principles; nor does it provide
3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to the
direction as to the speciﬁc weighting of principles necessary
performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114. Some
for achieving balance.
of these terms are reprinted here for ease of use.
1.7 Implementation of this guide will require professional
judgment. Such judgment should be informed by experience
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.01 on Buildings and Construc- the ASTM website.
3
tion. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Current edition approvedAug. 15, 2005. PublishedAugust 2005. DOI: 10.1520/ la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
E2432-05. www.iso.ch.
Copyright
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification prescribes requirements for demonstrating that a building's location provides a minimal level of access to public transit that allows occupants to travel to places of employment and to run typical errands. It is intended to facilitate the decision-making process for selection of a building site that provides opportunities for occupants to use public transit. It specifies a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building's location, and for evaluating whether a building is located in such a way as to minimize the impacts associated with occupants' travel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for demonstrating that a building’s location provides a minimal level of access to public transit such that building occupants can rely on public transit to travel to places of employment and to run typical errands.
1.2 This specification addresses a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building’s location. It provides one option for evaluating whether a building is located in such a way as to minimize the impacts associated with occupants’ travel.
Note 1: The indicator in and of itself is insufficient to imply any level of “sustainability” for the building or the neighborhood. Similarly, a building’s failure to meet this specification does not necessarily signify a lack of sustainability. Other indicators may be more appropriate for that building or region; those indicators are outside the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Terminology for Sustainability

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology2 consists of terms and definitions pertaining to sustainability.
1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meanings and explanations of terms applicable to sustainability. In the interest of common understanding and standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate the major barrier to effective technical communication.
1.3 It is recommended that terms used only within an individual standard, and having a meaning unique to that standard, be defined or explained in the terminology section of that individual standard.
1.4 Certain standard definitions herein are adopted from other sources. Each is an exact copy. The source is identified at the right margin following the definition and is listed in Section 2.
1.5 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound terms appear in the natural spoken order.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to the Built Environment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The built environment has environmental, economic, and social impacts. These impacts occur at all life-cycle stages in multiple ways and on local, regional, and global scales. It is imperative to understand the nature of these impacts and their relationship to the general principles of sustainability in order to address the opportunities and challenges they present.
4.1.1 It is necessary to identify the environmental impacts in order to promote the positive and mitigate the negative.
4.1.2 It is necessary to quantify the economic impacts in order to improve life-cycle costs and benefits.
4.1.3 It is necessary to identify the social impacts in order to contribute to a positive quality of life for current and future generations.
4.2 The general principles of sustainability—environmental, economic, and social—are interrelated. Decisions founded on the opportunities and challenges of any of the principles will have impacts relative to all of the principles. However, to facilitate clarity in the presentation of the general principles, they are discussed individually in Section 5.
4.3 The practical application of the general principles of sustainability relies upon balancing environmental, economic, and social impacts and committing to continual improvement. Section 6 discusses this balancing of environmental, economic, and social impacts in pursuit of sustainability.
4.4 This guide provides an overview of sustainability, as it is applicable to the built environment. This guide provides general guidance but does not prescribe a specific course of action.
4.5 This guide is intended to inform professionals associated with the building industry.
4.5.1 The general principles identified in this guide are intended to assist users in making decisions that advance sustainability.
4.5.2 The general principles identified in this guide are intended to inform the development and refinement of tools and standards to qualify and quantify impacts of the bu...
SCOPE
1.1 There are three general principles of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. This guide covers application of the fundamental concepts and associated characteristics for each of the general principles of sustainability to the built environment.
1.2 This guide identifies general methodologies associated with the decision-making process used in pursuing sustainability.
1.3 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to all life-cycle stages of design and construction within the built environment.
1.4 A variety of tools and standards exist that qualify and quantify impacts of the built environment in terms of the general principles of sustainability. It is not within the scope of this standard to recreate or replace these tools.
1.5 This guide does not provide direction as to the specific implementation of the general principles; nor does it provide direction as to the specific weighting of principles necessary for achieving balance between competing goals.
1.6 Applying the principles in this guide will require professional judgment. Such judgment should be informed by experience with environmental, economic, and social issues as appropriate to the use, type, scale, and location.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options but does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education, experience, or community dialogue. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish a...

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Standard Practice for Minimum Criteria for Comparing Whole Building Life Cycle Assessments for Use with Building Codes, Standards, and Rating Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides criteria that building design teams shall use to compare the environmental impacts associated with a reference building design and a final building design, including additions to existing buildings where applicable.
5.2 This practice deals specifically with material selection for initial construction, including associated maintenance and replacement cycles over an assumed service life, taking operating energy use into account if required or explicitly allowed under the applicable code, standard, or rating system.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides criteria to be applied irrespective of the assessment (LCA) tool that is used when LCA is undertaken at the whole building level to compare a final whole building design to a reference building design.
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to support the use of whole building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in building codes, standards, and building rating systems by ensuring that comparative assessments of final whole building designs relative to reference building designs take account of the relevant building features, life cycle stages, and related activities in similar fashion for both the reference and final building designs of the same building.
1.3 The criteria do not deal with building occupant behavior, possible future changes in building function, building rehabilitation or retrofit, or other matters that cannot be foreseen or reasonably estimated at the design or permitting stage, or both where this practice applies.
1.4 Only environmental impacts and aspects of sustainability are addressed in this practice. The social and economic impacts and aspects of sustainability are not addressed in this practice.
1.5 This practice does not deal with basic LCA methodology, calculation methods or related matters that are covered in cited international standards.
1.6 This practice does not supersede or modify existing ISO standards for the application of LCA at the product level, nor does it address any of the following related applications:
1.6.1 Aggregation of building products Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) at the whole building level;
1.6.2 Rules for applying EPDs in a building code, standard, or rating system; and
1.6.3 Comparability of building product EPDs.
Note 1: ISO 14025 and ISO 21930 provide guidance on use and comparability of building products EPDs.
1.7 This practice does not specify the impact categories or sustainability aspects to be addressed in building codes, standards, or building rating systems and users of this practice conform to the impact category requirements specified in the applicable code, standard, or rating system.
1.8 The text of this standard contains notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is applicable to all interior and exterior installed building products in the use phase of the product, specifically in the form present in the occupied building. This practice does not cover products during installation processes since those exposures are covered by occupational regulations.
4.2 This practice specifies the required information to include in the OESR screening report for product decision makers to assess the potential for occupant health exposure from installed building products in an occupied building operated under normal and anticipated conditions of use.
4.3 Fundamental to the selection and use of building products is the consideration of the likelihood of occupant exposure and possible risk to substances in those installed building products.
4.4 This practice does not purport to offer full risk information, nor does it purport to be equivalent to an exposure or risk assessment. Rather, it provides screening to inform the product decision maker about conditions that could generate additional discussions with manufacturers or others.
4.5 The informational requirements for an OESR are identified in Section 5.
4.6 For substances with hazard classifications in 5.3, the OESR informs product decision makers about substances in an installed building product that might trigger a hazard warning to a user or building occupant. This information is designed to help the product decision maker determine whether added information is needed to evaluate exposure and risk more fully in the context of the installed building product’s specific use or application.
4.7 The OESR screening report is required to be updated based on the requirements in 9.3.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the information required for publishing a screening report for occupant exposure from substances in installed building products (OESR) to communicate possible human health impacts in an occupied building to product specifiers, building owners, and others.
1.2 This practice is applicable to all interior and exterior building products in the form used and incorporated into an occupied building.
1.3 An article going into the construction market that has potential hazards based upon an evaluation of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) (1)2 mixtures guidance is included in the scope of this practice.
1.4 This practice does not cover product fabrication or installation processes because these are subject to worker safety and health regulations and law.
1.5 The final building product manufacturer offering the building product to the market or agent is responsible for providing this information and completing this report.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Supply of fresh water is limited and demand is increasing.
4.1.1 The United Nations Population Fund estimates that only 2.5 percent of the water on the Earth is fresh, and only about 0.5 percent is accessible ground or surface water.
4.1.2 While world population tripled in the 20th century, the use of water increased six-fold. The United Nations estimates that in the year 2017, close to 70 percent of the global population will have problems accessing fresh water. Additionally, more than 2 billion people around the world lack basic sanitation facilities.
4.1.3 According to WWAP, agriculture use accounts for 70 percent of annual worldwide water use, industrial use accounts for 22 percent and domestic use accounts for 8 percent (1) .5
4.2 Increased demand has put additional stress on water supplies and distribution systems, threatening both human health and the environment.
4.3 Increased demand has intensified energy use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Significant energy is expended for treatment and distribution of water. According to WaterSense, American public water supply and treatment facilities consume about 56 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year—enough electricity to power more than 5 million homes for an entire year. In California, an estimated 19 percent of electricity, 32 percent of natural gas consumption, and 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel annually power the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater (2).
4.4 The building industry diverts an estimated 16 percent of global fresh water annually (3). It is imperative that design and construction address water efficiency. The estimate of annual usage of available fresh water by the building industry accounts for the quantity of water that is required to manufacture building materials and to construct and operate buildings. It does not reflect the impact of the building industry on the quality of water.
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable development in the building industry. It outlines ideal sustainability and applied sustainability for water management, consistent with Guide E2432. Both ideal sustainability and applied sustainability should inform decisions regarding water management.
1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrological cycle. This provides the concept goals and direction for continual improvement.
1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices. This identifies available options considering environmental, economic, and social opportunities and challenges. The most appropriate option(s) are likely to vary depending on the location of the project.
1.2 Water management challenges differ enormously depending on the type of built environment and the available water resources.
1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment vary from very low density rural development to crowded urban development. Large cities present a particular challenge, with 400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million inhabitants.
1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distribution of water around the world, depletion of groundwater, changing rainfall patterns, and other water industry trends requires sustainable solutions for the effective management of the entire water cycle.
1.2.3 Sustainable design, construction, and operation of water and wastewater services for the built environment are critical components of water stewardship and global sustainable water management.
1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution prevention (quality issues) and conservation (quantity issues).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Standard Specification for Demonstrating That a Building is in Walkable Proximity to Neighborhood Assets

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for demonstrating that a building's location is in sufficient proximity to a range of establishments, services, and other amenities (referred to as "neighborhood assets" in this specification) and thus provides an opportunity for occupants to use walking as a means of transportation to conduct errands or other typical activities. It specifies a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building's location, and for evaluating whether a building's location minimize the impacts associated with occupants' travel.
Included in this specification are requirements for classifying and categorizing neighborhood assets, eligibility of neighborhood assets, proximity to a diversity of neighborhood assets, demonstration of satisfaction of meeting the requirements, and documentation substantiating compliance with the requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for demonstrating that a building’s location is in sufficient proximity to a range of establishments, services, and other amenities (referred to as “neighborhood assets” in this specification) such that the likelihood is increased that the building’s occupants will walk to their destinations when conducting errands or other typical activities.
1.2 This specification addresses a single indicator regarding the environmental performance related to a building’s location. It provides one option for evaluating whether a building is located in such a way as to minimize the impacts associated with occupants’ travel.
Note 1: The indicator in and of itself is insufficient to imply any level of “sustainability” for the building or the neighborhood. Similarly, a building’s failure to meet this specification does not necessarily signify a lack of sustainability. Other indicators may be more appropriate for that building or region; those indicators are outside the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.