ASTM C1823/C1823M-20

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1823/C1823M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Shear Bond Strength of Adhered Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1823/C1823M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method is used for determining the shear bond 3.1 Definitions: All definitions are in accordance with Ter-
strength of dimension stone wall or floor assembly adhered to minology C119.
a substrate.
3.1.1 adhesive, n—a material used to bond the stone to its
substrate.
1.2 This test method was developed for adhered stone
applications and may be used in a laboratory or in the field.
3.1.2 adhesive contact or coverage, n—the percentage of
net adhesive contact to bondable surface area.
1.3 Testing is performed on cured stone assemblies on a
vertical or horizontal plane in an interior or exterior applica-
3.1.3 adhesive failure, n—the failure that occurs at the
tion. Load is applied to one edge of the stone. The load is
interface between any two component materials of the stone
applied at a specified rate until the stone assembly fails.
assembly as a result of the specimen being subjected to a load
applied by the test apparatus.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.4 bondable surface area, n—the area of the back of a
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to stone unit that is intended to be bonded to its substrate.
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1.5 cohesive failure , n—the failure that occurs within any
used independently of the other, and values from the two
of the component materials of the stone assembly.
systems shall not be combined.
3.1.6 gross shear bond strength, n—the ultimate test load
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
divided by the gross area of the test specimen.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.7 hollow sound, n—when acoustically testing a stone
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surfacewithahard-denseobject,hearingahollowsoundmight
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
indicate that portion of the tile is not bonded or has a void
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
beneath it.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.7.1 Discussion—The hollow sound should have a dis-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cernibly different sound than a solid sound, but might be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
indicative of the underlying assembly and not relate to the tile
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
attachment.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.8 net adhesive contact area, n—the bondable surface
area less the areas of voids in the adhesive.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.9 net shear bond strength, n—the ultimate test load
2.1 ASTM Standards:
divided by the net adhesive contact areas.
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
3.1.10 solid sound, n—when acoustically testing a stone
D4580 Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete
surface with a hard-dense object, hearing a solid sound might
Bridge Decks by Sounding
indicate that portion of the tile is bonded in those spots.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—The solid sound should have a dis-
cernably different sound than a hollow sound, but might be
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
indicative of the underlying assembly and not relate to the tile
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
Methods. attachment.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. DOI:
3.1.11 stone unit, n—an individual tile or panel adhered to a
10.1520/C1823_C1823M-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or substrate.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.12 specimen, n—an individual stone unit, or a piece of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. stone that is cut from a stone unit, to be used for testing.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1823/C1823M − 20
4. Significance and Use not larger than 6 by 6 in. [150 by 150 mm]. The stone shall be
cut through its entire thickness. When cutting the stone, avoid
4.1 This test method provides a quantitative means of
cutting into the substrate.
determining the shear bond strength between an installed
adhered stone and its substrate. This test can be used as a 6.2 Stone test unit locations shall be selected to provide a
meansofdeterminingtheshearbondstrengthofpre-existingor representative sampling of the stone under consideration. Test
recently installed stone assemblies. specimen locations shall be selected to provide a representative
sampling across the full width and length of the stone unit
4.2 The maximum stone specimen size is 6 by 6 in. [150 by
being tested.
150mm].Thesizelimitationisprovidedtoestablishapractical
specimen size, limit maximum breaking load, and prevent 6.3 A minimum of five stone units shall be tested for each
out-of-plane stress. assembly or substrate type. Include a range of hollow to solid
sounding conditions based on an acoustical survey.
5. Apparatus
6.4 The joint into which the loading apparatus is inserted
5.1 Shear Testing Apparatus (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) shall be
must be wide enough to accommodate the apparatus loading
capable of applying a uniformly distributed load to the stone
and reaction plates. Each stone test specimen must be com-
specimen, producing a steadily increasing shear stress in the
pletelyseparatedfromtheadjacentstonestotheextentthatyou
tested assembly at a rate of 100 6 20 psi/min [0.7 6 0.14
can verify the depth of the cut.
MPa/min]. Load shall be measured in lbf/min [N/min] using a
6.5 The testing apparatus loading frame shall sit flush
calibrated indicator with an accuracy of 61.0 % of total load.
against the stone face. Stones with faces that are not flat shall
5.2 The application plate of the test apparatus shall be
be ground flat prior to testing.
capableofuniformlyloadingthefullwidthandthicknessofthe
test specimen such that the force is applied parallel to the 7. Preparation
surface plane of the test specimen.
7.1 Adjust the loading plate, so that the loading lip’s depth
5.3 Loading force shall be generated by reacting against reaches the bottom of the stone specimen’s edge within ⁄32 in.
adjacent intact restraining surface (for example, adjacent stone
[2.4 mm] of the bottom of the stone, but is not greater than the
or added bearing plate) unit. thickness of the stone specimen.
5.4 Use load indicator that measures and records the maxi-
7.2 2 If necessary, an independent reaction plate attached to
mum load. the substrate can be used to act as a bearing surface to react
against when applying the shear load to the specimen.
5.5 Load application plate shall be of adequate thickness to
minimize test apparatus deformations.
8. Conditioning
5.6 The top lip of the loading plate shall be aligned with the
8.1 Conduct test after the setting materials have cured
bottom of the test specimen. Additional plates may be neces-
according to manufacturers’ directions.
sary for proper alignment.
8.2 Before testing in cold or wet weather, extended cure
6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
time should be allowed in accordance with setting material
manufacturer’s instructions.
6.1 One full stone unit shall be used for sizes up to 6 by 6
in. [150 by 150 mm]. For stone sizes that are greater than 6 by
9. Procedure
6in.[150by150mm],thetestareashallbefieldcuttoaregion
9.1 Select test
...