ASTM D653-04

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D653–04
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
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e NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in December 2004.
1. Scope* of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the
particular application, for example:
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the
−2
FL —may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch,
Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
1.2 This standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and
−1
LT —may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per
contained fluids found in the terminology sections of standards
second, etc.
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
2.3.3 Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the
1.3 These terms define many words found in the Terminol-
definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabeti-
ogy section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
cally. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more
2. Significance and Use significant.
2.3.4 Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the
2.1 Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the
convenience of the user and were taken directly from the
correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of
International Society for Rock Mechanics (see X1.3).
Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one
2.3.5 See Appendixes for References (X1) and Symbols
standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and
(X2).
many of these terms have been placed in this standard.
2.2 Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ
3. Terminology
slightlyfromthoseinthisstandard.DefinitionsinTerminology
D 653 are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage AASHTO compaction—see compaction test.
2.3 A number of the definitions include symbols and indi- 88A” Horizon—see horizon.
cate the units of measurement. The symbols appear in italics abandonment—see decommissioning. D5299
immediatelyafterthenameoftheterm,followedbytheunitin abrasion—a rubbing and wearing away. (ISRM)
parentheses. No significance should be placed on the order in abrasion—the mechanical wearing, grinding, scraping or rub-
which the symbols are presented where two or more are given bing away (or down) of rock surfaces by friction or impact,
for an individual term. The applicable units are indicated by or both.
capital letters, as follows: abrasive—anyrock,mineral,orothersubstancethat,owingto
F—Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton its superior hardness, toughness, consistency, or other prop-
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L—Length, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter erties, is suitable for grinding, cutting, polishing, scouring,
T—Time, such as second, minute or similar use.
D—Dimensionless abrasiveness—the property of a material to remove matter
2.3.1 Positive exponents designate multiples in the numera- when scratching and grinding another material. (ISRM)
tor. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denomina- absorbed water—water held mechanically in a soil or rock
tor. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.” mass and having physical properties not substantially differ-
2.3.2 Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound ent from ordinary water at the same temperature and
system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice pressure.
absorption—the assimilation of fluids into interstices.
absorption loss—that part of transmitted energy (mechanical)
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
lost due to dissipation or conversion into other forms (heat,
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
etc.).
for Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids.
accelerator—a material that increases the rate at which
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D653–03
chemical reactions would otherwise occur.
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In accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10, the alternate spelling for meter, liter,
and deka, may be metre, litre, and deca.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D653–04
activator—a material that causes a catalyst to begin its moveme
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