ASTM D653-05

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D653–05
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
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1. Scope* L—Length, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter
T—Time, such as second, minute
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the
D—Dimensionless
Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
3.3.1 Positive exponents designate multiples in the numera-
1.2 This standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and
tor. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denomina-
containedfluidsfoundintheterminologysectionsofstandards
tor. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
3.3.2 Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound
1.3 These terms define many words found in the Terminol-
system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice
ogy section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the
1.4 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are con-
particular application, for example:
tained in Terminology D7099.
−2
FL —may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch,
2. Referenced Documents kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
−1
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LT —may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per
2.1 ASTM Standards:
second, etc.
D7099 Terminology Relating to Frozen Soil and Rock
3.3.3 Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the
3. Significance and Use
definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabeti-
cally. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more
3.1 Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the
significant.
correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of
3.3.4 Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the
Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one
convenience of the user and were taken directly from the
standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and
International Society for Rock Mechanics (see X1.3).
many of these terms have been placed in this standard.
3.3.5 See Appendixes for References (X1) and Symbols
3.2 Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ
(X2).
slightlyfromthoseinthisstandard.DefinitionsinTerminology
D 653 are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage
4. Terminology
3.3 A number of the definitions include symbols and indi-
cate the units of measurement. The symbols appear in italics AASHTO compaction—see compaction test.
immediatelyafterthenameoftheterm,followedbytheunitin
“A” Horizon—see horizon.
parentheses. No significance should be placed on the order in abandonment—see decommissioning. D5299
which the symbols are presented where two or more are given
abrasion—a rubbing and wearing away. (ISRM)
for an individual term. The applicable units are indicated by abrasion—the mechanical wearing, grinding, scraping or rub-
capital letters, as follows:
bing away (or down) of rock surfaces by friction or impact,
F—Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton or both.
abrasive—anyrock,mineral,orothersubstancethat,owingto
its superior hardness, toughness, consistency, or other prop-
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
erties, is suitable for grinding, cutting, polishing, scouring,
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
or similar use.
for Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids.
abrasiveness—the property of a material to remove matter
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D653–04
when scratching and grinding another material. (ISRM)
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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In accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10, the alternate spelling for meter, liter,
the ASTM website.
and deka, may be metre, litre, and deca.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D653–05
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