ASTM D3487-16e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D3487 −16
Standard Specification for
Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—In X1.1, for Thermal conductivity, W/ was added before (m·°C) editorially in December 2017.
1. Scope D92Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Open Cup Tester
1.1 This specification covers unused mineral insulating oil
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
of petroleum origin for use as an insulating and cooling
D117Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications
medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical
for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, circuit
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
1.2 This specification is intended to define a mineral insu-
ity)
latingoilthatisfunctionallyinterchangeableandmisciblewith
D611Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
existing oils, is compatible with existing apparatus and with
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
appropriatefieldmaintenance, andwillsatisfactorilymaintain
D923Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
its functional characteristics in its application in electrical
D924Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
equipment.Thisspecificationappliesonlytonewinsulatingoil
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
as received prior to any processing.
cal Insulating Liquids
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D971Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Water by the Ring Method
standard.
D974Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Indicator Titration
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D1275Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insu-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
lating Liquids
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
D1500Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
2. Referenced Documents
(ASTM Color Scale)
2.1 ASTM Standards: D1524Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Elec-
trical Insulating Liquids in the Field
D1533Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
D1816Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
mittee D27.01 on Mineral.
Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Current edition approved June 15, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally
D1903Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3487–09.
DOI:10.1520/D3487-16E01.
Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum
Refer to the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Origin, and Askarels
C57.106, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment.
D2112Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited
Available from IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-
4141, USA.
Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D2300Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Pirelli Method)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3487−16
D2440Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral
Minimum Pressure
Temperature, °C Pa Torr, Approximate
Insulating Oil
40 5 0.04
D2668Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-
50 10 0.075
di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infra-
60 20 0.15
70 40 0.3
red Absorp
80 100 0.75
D2717Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
90 400 3.0
D2766Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
100 1000 7.5
D2864Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
If temperatures higher than those recommended for the
uids and Gases
operating pressure are used, the oil should be tested for
D3300Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
inhibitor content and inhibitor added as necessary to return
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Con-
inhibitor content to its initial value. Attempts to dry appa-
ditions
ratus containing appreciable amounts of free water may
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
result in a significant loss of inhibitor even at the condi-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
tions recommended above.
D4059Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphe-
3.1.3 additives—chemical substances that are added to min-
nyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
eral insulating oil to achieve required functional properties.
D4768Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl
Para-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in Insulating
3.1.4 properties—those properties of the mineral insulating
Liquids by Gas Chromatography
oil which are required for the design, manufacture, and
D5837Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical
operation of the apparatus. These properties are listed in
Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chroma-
Section 5.
tography (HPLC)
3.2 Other definitions of terms related to this specification
D5949Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
are given in Terminology D2864.
(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
3.3 More information on tests related to this specification
D5950Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
can be found in Guide D117.
(Automatic Tilt Method)
2.2 IEEE Standard
C57.106Guide forAcceptance and Maintenance of Insulat- 4. Sampling and Testing
ing Oil in Equipment
4.1 Take all oil samples in accordance with Practices D923.
3. Terminology
4.2 Make each test in accordance with the latest revision of
the ASTM test method specified in Section 5.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Type I Mineral Oil—anoilforapparatuswherenormal
4.3 The oil shall meet the requirements of Section 5 at the
oxidation resistance is required. Some oils may require the
unloading point.
addition of a suitable oxidation inhibitor to achieve this.
NOTE 1—Because of the different needs of the various users, items
3.1.2 Type II Mineral Oil—an oil for apparatus where
relatingtopackaging,labeling,andinspectionareconsideredtobesubject
greater oxidation resistance is required. This is usually to supplier and user agreement.
achieved with the addition of a suitable oxidation inhibitor. NOTE 2—In addition to all other tests listed herein, it is sound
engineering practice for the apparatus manufacturer to perform an
3.1.2.1 Discussion—During processing of inhibited mineral
evaluation of new types of insulating oils in insulation systems, prototype
oil under vacuum and elevated temperatures, partial loss of
structures, or full-scale apparatus, or any combination thereof, to assure
inhibitor and volatile portions of mineral oil may occur. The
suitable service life.
common inhibitors, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol (DBPC/
4.4 Make known to the user the generic type and amount of
BHT) and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol (DPB), are more volatile
any additive used, for assessing any potential detrimental
than transformer oil. If processing conditions are too severe,
reaction with other materials in contact with the oil.
oxidation stability of the oil may be decreased due to loss of
inhibitor. The selectivity for removal of moisture and air in
5. Property Requirements
preference to loss of inhibitor and oil is improved by use of a
low processing temperature. 5.1 Mineral insulating oil conforming to this specification
Conditions that have been found satisfactory for most shallmeetthepropertylimitsgiveninTable1.Thesignificance
inhibited mineral oil processing are: of these properties is discussed in Appendix X2.
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D3487−16
TABLE 1 Property Requirements
Limit ASTM Test
Property
Method
Type I Type II
Physical:
A A
Aniline point, min, °C 63 63 D611
Color, max 0.5 0.5 D1500
Flash point, min, °C 145 145 D92
Interfacial tension, min, mN/m 40 40 D971
B B B
Pour point, max, °C −40 −40 D97, D5949,or D5950
C
Relative Density (Specific gravity), 15°C/15°C, max 0.91 0.91 D1298 or D4052
Viscosity, max, mm /s at: D445
100°C 3.0 3.0
40°C 12.0 12.0
0°C 76.0 76.0
Visual examination clear and bright clear and bright D1524
Electrical:
Dielectric breakdown voltage at 60 Hz: D1816
D D
VDE electrodes, min, kV 1 mm gap 20 20
D D
35 35
2mmgap
Dielectric breakdown voltage, impulse conditions D3300
negative polarity point, min, kV 145 145
Gassing tendency, max, µL/minute +30 +30 D2300
Dissipation factor (or power factor), at 60 Hz, max, %: D924
25°C 0.05 0.05
100°C 0.30 0.30
Chemical:
Oxidation stability (acid-sludge test) D2440
72 h:
sludge, max, % by mass 0.15 0.1
Total acid number, max, mg KOH/g 0.5 0.3
164 h:
sludge, max, % by mass 0.3 0.2
Total acid number, max, mg KOH/g 0.6 0.4
Oxidation stability (pressure vessel test), min, minutes — 195 D2112
E F G
Oxidation inhibitor content, max, % by mass 0.08 0.30 D4768 or D2668
Corrosive sulfur noncorrosive noncorrosive D1275
Water, max, mg/kg 35 35 D1533
Neutralization number, total acid number, max, mg 0.03 0.03 D974
KOH/g
Furanic Compounds, max per compound, µg/L 25 25 D5837
PCB content, mg/kg not detectable not detectable D4059
A
The value shown represents current knowledge.
B
In case of a dispute, D97 shall be used as the referee method.
C
In case of a dispute, Test Method D1298 shall be used as the referee method.
D
These limits by Test Method D1816 are applicable only to as received new oil (see Appendix X2.2.1.1).
E
Provisions to purchase totally uninhibited oil shall be a
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