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ASTM D4311/D4311M-21

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base Temperature

Standard Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Asphalts change in volume with change in temperature. They are loaded or transferred at widely varying temperatures. Volume correction factors are used to adjust bulk volumes measured at those temperatures to corresponding volumes at a base temperature of 15 °C or [60 °F] for the purposes of custody transfer and accounting operations.  
3.2 Correction factors as provided in this practice have proven to be sufficiently accurate for the intended purposes.  
3.3 Coefficients of expansion used for development of data in this practice are as follows:    
Table  
Column A  
Column B  
1  
0.00035  
0.00040  
2  
0.00063  
0.00072
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides tables of volume correction factors which may be used to convert volumes of asphalt measured at different temperatures to a volume at a standard base temperature. These tables are applicable to all types of asphalts except emulsified asphalts.  
1.2 This practice provides tables to convert asphalt volumes to 15 °C [60 °F] from volumes measured at any temperature from −25 to +275 °C [0 to 500 °F].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 1: Correction factors in Table 1 and Table 2 are for use in place of correction factors provided in Guide D1250, which do not address requirements for asphalt specifications.2  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Dec-2021
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.40 - Asphalt Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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REDLINE ASTM D4311/D4311M-21 - Standard Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base TemperatureREDLINE ASTM D4311/D4311M-21 - Standard Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base Temperature
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4311/D4311M − 21
Standard Practice for
Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4311/D4311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice provides tables of volume correction
D70/D70MTest Method for Specific Gravity and Density of
factors which may be used to convert volumes of asphalt
Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder (Pycnometer Method)
measured at different temperatures to a volume at a standard
D1250Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM
base temperature. These tables are applicable to all types of
Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction
asphalts except emulsified asphalts.
FactorsforGeneralizedCrudeOils,RefinedProducts,and
1.2 This practice provides tables to convert asphalt volumes
Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1
to 15°C [60°F] from volumes measured at any temperature
D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API
from −25to +275°C [0 to 500°F]. Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer
Method
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D3289Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3. Significance and Use
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
3.1 Asphalts change in volume with change in temperature.
with the standard.
They are loaded or transferred at widely varying temperatures.
NOTE 1—Correction factors in Table 1 and Table 2 are for use in place
Volume correction factors are used to adjust bulk volumes
of correction factors provided in Guide D1250, which do not address
2 measured at those temperatures to corresponding volumes at a
requirements for asphalt specifications.
base temperature of 15°C or [60°F] for the purposes of
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
custody transfer and accounting operations.
which provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes
3.2 Correction factors as provided in this practice have
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
proven to be sufficiently accurate for the intended purposes.
as requirements of the standard.
3.3 Coefficients of expansion used for development of data
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
in this practice are as follows:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Table Column A Column B
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1 0.00035 0.00040
2 0.00063 0.00072
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Procedure
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Volume correction factors are provided for volume
adjustments to 15°C in Table 1 and [60°F] in Table 2. The
tables are entered with asphalt temperature at which bulk
volume is measured.
4.2 The tables provide two sets of factors in columns
labeledAand B.The selection of the appropriate column,Aor
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
B, is defined by table footnotes. The selection is based on
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on
Asphalt Specifications.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally
3
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4311/D4311M–15. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/D4311_D4311M-21. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Factors originally published for Groups 0 and 1 oils in Tables 7, 25, and 55 in Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D1250–52T. Last previous edition D1250–04. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4311/D4311M − 21
TABLE 1 Volume Reduction to 15 °C
A,B A,B A,B
Observed Volume Correction Factor to Observed Volume Correction Factor to Observed Volume Correction Factor to
15 °C 15 °C 15 °C
Temperature, Temperature, Temperature,
°C °C °C
AB A B A B
−25.0 1.0254
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4311/D4311M − 15 D4311/D4311M − 21
Standard Practice for
Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4311/D4311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides tables of volume correction factors which may be used to convert volumes of asphalt measured at
different temperatures to a volume at a standard base temperature. These tables are applicable to all types of asphalts except
emulsified asphalts.
1.2 This practice provides tables to convert asphalt volumes to 15°C [60°F]15 °C [60 °F] from volumes measured at any
temperature from −25 to +275°C+275 °C [0 to 500°F].500 °F].
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
NOTE 1—Correction factors in Table 1 and Table 2 are for use in place of correction factors provided in Guide D1250, which do not address requirements
2
for asphalt specifications.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D70D70/D70M Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder (Pycnometer Method)
D1250 Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for
Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1
D3142D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer Method
D3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on Asphalt
Specifications.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015Dec. 15, 2021. Published February 2015January 2022. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20092015
as D4311/D4311M – 09.D4311/D4311M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D4311_D4311M-15.10.1520/D4311_D4311M-21.
2
Factors originally published for Groups 0 and 1 oils in Tables 7, 25, and 55 in D1250 – 52 T. Last previous edition D1250 – 04.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4311/D4311M − 21
TABLE 1 Volume Reduction to 15°C15 °C
A,B A,B A,B
Volume Correction Factor to Volume Correction Factor to Volume Correction Factor to
Observed Observed Observed
15°C15 °C 15°C15 °C 15°C15 °C
Temperature, Temperature, Temperature,
°C A B °C A B °C A B
−25.0 1.0254 1.0290 0 1.0095 1.0108 25.0 0.9937 0.9929
−24.5 1.0251 1.0287 0.5 1.0092 1.0104 25.5 0.9934 0.9925
−24.0 1.0248 1.0283 1.0 1.0088 1.0101 26.0 0.9931 0.9921
−23.5 1.0244 1.0279 1.5 1.0085 1.0097 26.5 0.9928 0.9918
−23.0 1.0241 1.0276 2.0 1.0082 1.0094 27.0 0.9925 0.9914
−22.5 1.0238 1.0272 2.5 1.0079 1.0090 27.5 0.9922 0.9911
−22.0 1.0235 1.0268 3.0 1.0076 1.0086 28.0 0.9918 0.9907
−21.5 1.0232 1.0265 3.5 1.0073 1.0083 28.5 0.9915 0.9904
−21.0 1.0228 1.0261 4.0 1.0069 1.0079 29.0 0.9912 0.9900
−20.5 1.0225 1.0257 4.5 1.0066 1.0076 29.5 0.9909 0.9897
−20.0 1.0222 1.0254 5.0 1.0063 1.0072 30.0 0.9906 0.9893
−19.5 1.0219 1.0250 5.5 1.0060 1.0068 30.5 0.9903 0.9889
−19.0 1.0216 1.0246 6.0 1.0057 1.0065 31.0 0.9
...

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SCOPE
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3.1 This test method is used for determining either the amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum distillates in asphalt mixtures.  
3.2 Applicable standards are those in which measurements or calibrations are made, samples are procured, or products are selected.3
SCOPE
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1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3289-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70/D70M. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website—www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7944-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Recovery of Emulsified Asphalt Residue Using a Vacuum Oven

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice can be used to obtain residues of emulsified asphalts. The residue may be used for further testing.  
4.2 As approximately 5 g of residue is typically obtained, limited testing is possible.
Note 1: Rheological characterization as described in Test Methods D7175 and D7405 are suitable test methods. Additional test methods are being developed suited to the small amounts of residue obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is suitable for recovery of the residue of emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. Asphalt base may be pre-modified with polymeric modifiers or latex polymer modifiers may be incorporated into the emulsified asphalt through co-milling or post emulsified asphalt production blending.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1188/D1188M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Coated Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful in calculating percent air voids as given in Test Method D3203/D3203M. Since specific gravity has no units, it must be converted to density when this type of measurement is required. This conversion is made by multiplying the specific gravity at a given temperature by the density of water at the same temperature.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted asphalt mixtures.  
1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2.0 % of water by volume, or both.
Note 1: A method for calculating the percent water absorbed by the specimen on a volume basis is described in Test Method D2726/D2726M.  
1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted asphalt mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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