ASTM D3053-15

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D3053 − 15
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet
Hardness
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
other readily available sources are not included.
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
copy
2. Referenced Documents
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
vidual Pellet Hardness
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and
D6086 Test Method for Carbon Black—Void Volume (VV)
Attrition
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(Withdrawn 2015)
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption
Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
Number
D6602 PracticeforSamplingandTestingofPossibleCarbon
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental
bution
Particulate, or Both
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Den-
sity
3. Terminology
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
3.1 Definitions:
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
DISCUSSION—The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are
Transmittance of Toluene Extract
fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
morphology.
Rubber Products
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
Shipments
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggre-
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
gates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
ments
spheroidal primary particles which exhibit uniformity of
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass
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primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and tur-
Strength
bostratic layering within the primary particles.
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
DISCUSSION—Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological
Number (OAN)
features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglom-
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rub-
erates. While the fundamental building block of carbon black is the
ber
primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly
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D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
fused by covalent bonds into aggregates. The primary particles are
conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary
particle no longer exists, they are no longer discrete and have no
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
physical boundaries amongst them. Once produced, individual aggre-
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
gates join together by van der Waals forces to form agglomerates.
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2015. Published January 2016. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3053 – 13a. DOI:
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10.1520/D3053-15. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
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contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon black
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on is thermal black, in which primary particles may exist in isolation and the primary
the ASTM website. particle sizes within an aggregate are not necessarily uniform.
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D3053 − 15
Agglomerates do not break down into smaller components unless DISCUSSION—Tread grade carbon blacks are produced by the oil
adequate force is applied (for example, shear force). Primary particle furnace process. The use of these grades in the rubber industry is not
and aggregate sizes a
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