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ASTM E1732-22

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science

Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have particular application to forensic practice. Entries for Section A of E1732 are chosen variously from Webster’s Online Dictionary, international standards, textbooks, and the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions. The subcommittee develops definitions when conventional sources fail to yield suitable candidates. Reference citations include:  
3.1.1 For ASTM standards, the standard designation is followed by a dash and a two-digit year designation, e.g., E2161-19. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken, not necessarily the current year of publication of the standard.  
3.1.2 Citations from other than ASTM standards may include an abbreviation and the standard number followed by a four-digit year designation, e.g., ISO 9000:2015. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken. Such standards may also be referenced by a name followed by a year designation, e.g., IUPAC Gold Book 2020. Abbreviations are explicated under “2. Referenced Documents.”  
3.1.3 For entries created by members of E30, a brief statement to that effect and a year designation follows the entry, e.g., Created by E30 in 2021.  
3.1.4 For entries followed simply by a reference, e.g., ISO 9000:2015 or E456-17, the reader can assume that the entry is accurately copied from the reference with no modifications except for ASTM format conventions. For entries that are slightly modified versions of something from a known source, reference citations read, “Based upon definition by…” Following the “by” is the source name and year that the entry was taken, or modified, for inclusion in Section A.  
3.1.5 For entries from textbooks a reference following the entry will have the name or title of the text, author(s), edition (if applicable) and the year of publication or copyright.  
3.1.6 For entries of unknown origin currently in E1732 Section A, a statement declaring that a ...
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions of terms used in the forensic sciences.  
1.2 Legal and scientific and terms in common use that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included, except when dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for forensic science use.  
1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple areas of forensic science, whereas, the subsequent sections define terms pertaining to specific forensic science areas, as follows:    
Section A: General (Common) Forensic Science Terms  
The terms defined in Section A are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92, Terminology.  
Section B: Criminalistics  
The terms defined in Section B are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01, Criminalistics.  
Section B1: Terms for Seized Drug Analysis  
Section B2: Terms for Gunshot Residue (GSR) Analysis and Smokeless Powder Analysis  
Section B3: Terms for Paint Analysis  
Section B4: Terms for Textile, Fiber, Cord, and Tape Examination  
Section B5: Terms for Glass Examination  
Section B6: Terms for Fire Debris  
Section C: Digital and Multimedia Evidence    
The terms defined in Section C are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.12, Digital and Multimedia Evidence.  
Section C1: Terms for Computer Forensics  
Section C2: Terms for Digital Image Processing and Multimedia Evidence Examination  
Section C3: Terms for Magnetic Card Reader Examination  
Section C4: Terms for Facial Image Examination  
Section D: Interdisciplinary  
The terms defined in Section D are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.11, Interdisciplinary Forensic Science Standards.  
...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2022
ICS
01.040.11 - Health care technology (Vocabularies)
11.020 - Medical sciences and health care facilities in general
Technical Committee
E30 - Forensic Sciences
Drafting Committee
E30.92 - Terminology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1732-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM E2917-24 - Standard Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training, Continuing Education, and Professional Development Programs
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM E2927-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
Effective Date
15-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM E1402-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Sampling Design
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM C162-23 - Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Refers
ASTM E2224-23ae1 - Standard Guide for Forensic Analysis of Fibers by Infrared Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-May-2023
Refers
ASTM E2808-19 - Standard Guide for Microspectrophotometry in Forensic Paint Analysis
Effective Date
15-Oct-2019
Refers
ASTM E2225-19 - Standard Guide for Forensic Examination of Fabrics and Cordage
Effective Date
01-Sep-2019
Refers
ASTM D6161-19 - Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Refers
ASTM F2725-19 - Standard Guide for European Union's Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) Supply Chain Information Exchange
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Refers
ASTM E2916-19 - Standard Terminology for Digital and Multimedia Evidence Examination
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Refers
ASTM E2917-19 - Standard Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training, Continuing Education, and Professional Development Programs
Effective Date
15-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM E1605-18b - Standard Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
Effective Date
15-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM E1402-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Sampling Design
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM E2916-18 - Standard Terminology for Digital and Multimedia Evidence Examination
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1732 − 22
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Forensic Science
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Section E: Questioned Documents
The terms defined in Section E were formerly the direct responsibility of
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions of terms
Subcommittee E30.02, Questioned Documents, and are currently the
used in the forensic sciences. direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90, Executive Committee.
1.4 Entries listed in Sections B–E reflect only those existing
1.2 Legal and scientific and terms in common use that are
in Committee E30 standards current with the date of a once
generally understood or defined adequately in other readily
yearly review of Committee E30 standards. Changes to stan-
available sources may not be included, except when dictionar-
dardsorentriesfollowingthisdatewillappearinSectionsB–E
ies show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate
after the following year’s review date.
the definitions recommended for forensic science use.
1.5 An alphabetical list of the terms defined in this standard
1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple
is given in Appendix X1, which also identifies the section(s) in
areas of forensic science, whereas, the subsequent sections
which each term is defined.
define terms pertaining to specific forensic science areas, as
follows:
1.6 Definitions identical to those published by another
Section A: General (Common) Forensic Science Terms standards-developing organization or ASTM committee are
The terms defined in Section A are the direct responsibility of
identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization
Subcommittee E30.92, Terminology.
or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for
Section B: Criminalistics example, ASME is the American Society of Mechanical
The terms defined in Section B are the direct responsibility of
Engineers.
Subcommittee E30.01, Criminalistics.
Section B1: Terms for Seized Drug Analysis
1.7 Insomecasesdifferentusageofatermindifferentfields
Section B2: Terms for Gunshot Residue (GSR) Analysis and
has been noted.
Smokeless Powder Analysis
Section B3: Terms for Paint Analysis
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
Section B4: Terms for Textile, Fiber, Cord, and Tape Examination
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Section B5: Terms for Glass Examination
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Section B6: Terms for Fire Debris
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Section C: Digital and Multimedia Evidence
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
The terms defined in Section C are the direct responsibility of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Subcommittee E30.12, Digital and Multimedia Evidence.
Section C1: Terms for Computer Forensics
Section C2: Terms for Digital Image Processing and Multimedia
2. Referenced Documents
Evidence Examination
2
Section C3: Terms for Magnetic Card Reader Examination
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Section C4: Terms for Facial Image Examination
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
Section D: Interdisciplinary
The terms defined in Section D are the direct responsibility of
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
Subcommittee E30.11, Interdisciplinary Forensic Science Standards.
Nanofiltration,andReverseOsmosisMembraneProcesses
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E860 Practice for Examining And Preparing Items That Are
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on
Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92 on
2
Terminology. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E1732 – 19 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1732-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

------------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E1732 − 19 E1732 − 22
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Forensic Science
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—New terms were added and other terms were corrected editorially in June 2020.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions of terms used in the forensic sciences.
1.2 Legal and scientific and terms in common use that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available
sources may not be included, except when dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions
recommended for forensic science use.
1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple areas of forensic science, whereas, the subsequent sections define terms
pertaining to specific forensic science areas, as follows:
Section A: General (Common) Forensic Science Terms
The terms defined in Section A are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92, Terminology.
Section B: Criminalistics
The terms defined in Section B are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01, Criminalistics.
Section B1: Terms for Seized Drug Analysis
Section B2: Terms for Gunshot Residue (GSR) Analysis and Smokeless Powder Analysis
Section B3: Terms for Paint Analysis
Section B4: Terms for Textile, Fiber, Cord, and Tape Examination
Section B5: Terms for Glass Examination
Section B6: Terms for Fire Debris
Section C: Digital and Multimedia Evidence
The terms defined in Section C are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.12, Digital and Multimedia Evidence.
Section C1: Terms for Computer Forensics
Section C2: Terms for Digital Image Processing and Multimedia Evidence Examination
Section C3: Terms for Magnetic Card Reader Examination
Section C4: Terms for Facial Image Examination
Section D: Interdisciplinary
The terms defined in Section D are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.11, Interdisciplinary Forensic Science Standards.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2019April 1, 2022. Published March 2019April 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
ɛ1
E1732 – 18b.E1732 – 19 . DOI: 10.1520/E1732-19E01.10.1520/E1732-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1732 − 22
Section E: Questioned Documents
The terms defined in Section E were formerly the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.02, Questioned Documents, and are currently the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90, Executive Committee.
1.4 Entries listed in Sections B–E reflect only those existing in Committee E30 standards current with the date of a once yearly
review of Committee E30 standards. Changes to standards or entries following this date will appear in Sections B–E after the
following year’s review date.
1.5 An alphabetical list of the terms defined in this standard is given in Appendix X1, which also identifies the section(s) in which
each term is defined.
1.6 Definitions identical to those published by another standards-developing organization or ASTM committee are identified with
the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for example, ASME is the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
1.7 In some cases different usage of a term in different fields has been noted.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Termi
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1732 − 22
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Forensic Science
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Section E: Questioned Documents
The terms defined in Section E were formerly the direct responsibility of
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions of terms
Subcommittee E30.02, Questioned Documents, and are currently the
used in the forensic sciences. direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90, Executive Committee.
1.4 Entries listed in Sections B–E reflect only those existing
1.2 Legal and scientific and terms in common use that are
in Committee E30 standards current with the date of a once
generally understood or defined adequately in other readily
yearly review of Committee E30 standards. Changes to stan-
available sources may not be included, except when dictionar-
dards or entries following this date will appear in Sections B–E
ies show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate
after the following year’s review date.
the definitions recommended for forensic science use.
1.5 An alphabetical list of the terms defined in this standard
1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple
is given in Appendix X1, which also identifies the section(s) in
areas of forensic science, whereas, the subsequent sections
which each term is defined.
define terms pertaining to specific forensic science areas, as
follows:
1.6 Definitions identical to those published by another
Section A: General (Common) Forensic Science Terms standards-developing organization or ASTM committee are
The terms defined in Section A are the direct responsibility of
identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization
Subcommittee E30.92, Terminology.
or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for
Section B: Criminalistics example, ASME is the American Society of Mechanical
The terms defined in Section B are the direct responsibility of
Engineers.
Subcommittee E30.01, Criminalistics.
Section B1: Terms for Seized Drug Analysis
1.7 In some cases different usage of a term in different fields
Section B2: Terms for Gunshot Residue (GSR) Analysis and
has been noted.
Smokeless Powder Analysis
Section B3: Terms for Paint Analysis
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
Section B4: Terms for Textile, Fiber, Cord, and Tape Examination
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Section B5: Terms for Glass Examination
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Section B6: Terms for Fire Debris
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Section C: Digital and Multimedia Evidence
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
The terms defined in Section C are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E30.12, Digital and Multimedia Evidence. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Section C1: Terms for Computer Forensics
Section C2: Terms for Digital Image Processing and Multimedia
2. Referenced Documents
Evidence Examination
2
Section C3: Terms for Magnetic Card Reader Examination
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Section C4: Terms for Facial Image Examination
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Section D: Interdisciplinary D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
The terms defined in Section D are the direct responsibility of
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
Subcommittee E30.11, Interdisciplinary Forensic Science Standards.
Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E860 Practice for Examining And Preparing Items That Are
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on
Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92 on
2
Terminology. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E1732 – 19 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1732-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1732 − 22
Or May Become Involved In Criminal or Civil Litigation E2998
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have application to forensic practice.  
3.1.1 For ASTM International standards, the standard designation is followed by a dash and a two-digit year designation in bold type, for example, E2161 - 19. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken, not necessarily the current year of publication of the standard.  
3.1.2 Citations from other than ASTM International standards may include an abbreviation and the standard number followed by a four-digit year designation in bold type, for example, ISO 9000:2015. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken. Such standards may also be referenced by a name followed by a year designation, for example, IUPAC Gold Book 2020 (1).5 Abbreviations are detailed under, “All terms sourced from other standards than Committee E30 standards are listed in Section 2.”  
3.1.3 For entries followed simply by a reference, for example, ISO 9000:2015 or E456 - 17, the reader can assume that the entry is accurately copied from the reference with no modifications except for ASTM International format conventions. For entries that are slightly modified versions of something from a known source, reference citations read, “Based upon definition by…” Following the “by” is the source name and year that the entry was taken or modified. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the terminology.  
3.1.4 For entries from textbooks, a reference following the entry has the name or title of the text, author(s), edition (if applicable), and the year of publication or copyright.  
3.1.5 An entry could have a definition of a term with one reference, and the discussion following the definition has a different reference.  
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3.1.7 Each defin...
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all terms used by Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences.  
1.1.1 This terminology consists mostly of definitions that are specific to forensic science and forensic practice. Meanings of the same terms used outside of forensic practice can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The specific E30 subcommittee (SC) that has responsibility for each term is the first attribution noted, in square brackets, after the definition. The designation of the standard(s) in which the terms appear is given after the subcommittee. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without approval per the Committee E30 Bylaws. Users of this compilation should also review any SC terminology standard for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC.  
1.2 This terminology is a tool for managing the committee’s terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies in which two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1732-24(Terminology)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have application to forensic practice.  
3.1.1 For ASTM International standards, the standard designation is followed by a dash and a two-digit year designation in bold type, for example, E2161 - 19. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken, not necessarily the current year of publication of the standard.  
3.1.2 Citations from other than ASTM International standards may include an abbreviation and the standard number followed by a four-digit year designation in bold type, for example, ISO 9000:2015. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken. Such standards may also be referenced by a name followed by a year designation, for example, IUPAC Gold Book 2020 (1).5 Abbreviations are detailed under, “All terms sourced from other standards than Committee E30 standards are listed in Section 2.”  
3.1.3 For entries followed simply by a reference, for example, ISO 9000:2015 or E456 - 17, the reader can assume that the entry is accurately copied from the reference with no modifications except for ASTM International format conventions. For entries that are slightly modified versions of something from a known source, reference citations read, “Based upon definition by…” Following the “by” is the source name and year that the entry was taken or modified. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the terminology.  
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3.1.5 An entry could have a definition of a term with one reference, and the discussion following the definition has a different reference.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all terms used by Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences.  
1.1.1 This terminology consists mostly of definitions that are specific to forensic science and forensic practice. Meanings of the same terms used outside of forensic practice can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.  
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Standard Guide for Detection and Quantification of Cleaning Markers (Analytes) for the Validation of Cleaning Methods for Reusable Medical Devices

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1.1 This standard guide provides methods and considerations for detecting and quantifying test soil(s) from reusable medical device(s) that result from simulated-use testing of medical devices during validation of the cleaning procedures as described in the instructions for use (IFU) provided by the medical device manufacturer.  
1.2 The methods described are for detecting and measuring markers (analytes) that are components within the most common test soils and are relevant to the clinical use of the device. Appropriate test soils without protein, carbon, or carbohydrates (for example, bone) will require other methods.  
1.3 This is a part of a series of ASTM standard guides for validating cleaning instructions. The scope of the first guide in the series is selecting appropriate test soils (Guide F3208). The second in the series (Guide F3293) describes methods for inoculating medical devices with test soil. The third in the series (Guide F3321) describes methods for extracting soils for measuring residual soil on medical devices after the performance of cleaning process. This is the fourth guide in the series and describes the methods of detecting and quantifying residual analytes on the device.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1538-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Glass and Glass-Ceramic Biomaterials for Implantation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material requirements and characterization techniques for glass and glass-ceramic biomaterials intended for use as bulk porous or powdered surgical implants, or as coatings on surgical devices, but not including drug delivery systems. Glass and glass-ceramic biomaterials should be evaluated thoroughly for biocompatibility before human use. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the biomaterials, in accordance with the following test methods: bulk composition; density; flexural strength; Young's modulus; hardness; surface area; bond strength of glass or glass ceramic coating; crystallinity; thermal expansion; and particle size.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material requirements and characterization techniques for glass and glass-ceramic biomaterials intended for use as bulk porous or powdered surgical implants, or as coatings on surgical devices, but not including drug delivery systems.  
1.2 The biological response to glass and glass-ceramic biomaterials in bone and soft tissue has been demonstrated in clinical use (1-12)2 and laboratory studies (13-17).  
1.3 This specification excludes synthetic hydroxylapatite, hydroxylapatite coatings, aluminum oxide ceramics, alpha- and beta-tricalcium phosphate, and whitlockite.  
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1130-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calibration of Thin Heat Flux Transducers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The application of HFTs and temperature sensors to building envelopes provide in-situ data for evaluating the thermal performance of an opaque building envelope component under actual environmental conditions, as described in Practices C1046 and C1155. These applications require calibration of the HFTs at levels of heat flux and temperature consistent with end-use conditions.  
5.2 This practice provides calibration procedures for the determination of the heat flux transducer sensitivity, S, that relates the HFT voltage output, E, to a known input value of heat flux, q.  
5.2.1 The applied heat flux, q, shall be obtained from steady-state tests conducted in accordance with either Test Method C177, C518, C1114, C1363, or, for cryogenic applications, Guide C1774.  
5.2.2 The resulting voltage output, E, of the heat flux transducer is measured directly using (auxiliary) readout instrumentation connected to the electrical output leads of the sensor.
Note 1: A heat flux transducer (see also Terminology C168) is a thin stable substrate having a low mass in which a temperature difference across the thickness of the device is measured with thermocouples connected electrically in series (that is, a thermopile). Commercial HFTs typically have a central sensing region, a surrounding guard, and an integral temperature sensor that are contained in a thin durable enclosure. Practice C1046, Appendix X2 includes detailed descriptions of the internal constructions of two types of HFTs.  
5.3 The HFT sensitivity depends on several factors including, but not limited to, size, thickness, construction, temperature, applied heat flux, and application conditions including adjacent material characteristics and environmental effects.  
5.4 The subsequent conversion of the HFT voltage output to heat flux under application conditions requires (1) a standardized technique for determining the HFT sensitivity for the application of interest; and, (2) a comprehensive understanding of t...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice, in conjunction with either Test Method C177, C518, C1114, or C1363, establishes procedures for the calibration of heat flux transducers that are dimensionally thin in comparison to their planar dimensions.  
1.1.1 The thickness of the heat flux transducer shall be less than 30 % of the narrowest planar dimension of the heat flux transducer.  
1.2 This practice describes techniques for determining the sensitivity, S, of a heat flux transducer when subjected to one dimensional heat flow normal to the planar surface or when installed in a building application.  
1.3 This practice shall be used in conjunction with Practice C1046 and Practice C1155 when performing in-situ measurements of heat flux on opaque building envelope components. This practice is comparable, but not identical, to the calibration techniques described in ISO 9869-1.  
1.4 This practice is not intended to determine the sensitivity of heat flux transducers used as components of heat flow meter apparatus, as in Test Method C518, or used for in-situ industrial applications, as covered in Practice C1041.  
1.5 This practice does not preclude the laboratory calibration of heat flux transducers for large-scale insulation systems operated at temperatures lower or higher than that for building envelope components. For these applications, the heat flux transducers shall be calibrated at the temperatures that the transducer will be used.  
1.5.1 For cryogenic applications, the test apparatuses described in Guide C1774 are acceptable methods for calibration.  
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered sta...

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ASTM
ASTM E3385-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Fire Resistive Duct Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a standard set of procedures that are to be followed when conducting and reporting on inspections of installed fire resistive duct systems.  
5.2 This practice provides a means to verify compliance of the installed fire resistive duct system to the inspection document.  
5.3 This practice does not provide a basis for selecting a design listing, the installation contractor, products, or any other material, service, or company.  
5.4 This practice does not establish any performance criteria of the inspected fire resistive duct systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard set of procedures for inspecting and reporting on the installed fire resistive duct systems.  
1.2 This practice establishes procedures to inspect products and systems, including methods for field verification and inspection.  
1.3 This practice provides an inspector and inspection body, various methods to verify that required systems have been installed in accordance with the inspection document.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4438-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers by Electronic Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development work in the particle size range usually encountered in fluidizable cracking catalysts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of catalyst and catalyst carrier (see Terminology D3766) particles using an electroconductive sensing method and is one of several valuable methods for the measurement of particle size.  
1.2 The range of particle sizes investigated was 20 μm to 150 μm (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10) equivalent spherical diameter. The technique is capable of measuring particles above and below this range. The instrument used for this method is an electric current path of small dimensions that is modulated by individual particle passage through an aperture, and produces individual pulses of amplitude proportional to the particle volume.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2791-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessment of Surface Texture of Non-Porous Biomaterials in Two Dimensions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The term “surface texture” is used to describe the local deviations of a surface from an ideal shape. Surface texture usually consists of long wavelength repetitive features that occur as results of chatter, vibration, or heat treatments during the manufacture of implants. Short wavelength features superimposed on the long wavelength features of the surface, which may arise from polishing or etching of the implant, are referred to as roughness.  
4.2 This guide provides an overview of techniques that are available for measuring the surface in terms of Cartesian coordinates and the parameters used to describe surface texture. It is important to appreciate that it is not possible to measure surface texture per se, but to derive values for parameters that can be used to describe it. ISO has published a series of standards on surface texture measurements that may be consulted for more information (ISO 3274, ISO 4287, ISO 4288, ISO 5436-2, ISO 10993-19, ISO 12179, ISO 13565-1, ISO 19606, ISO 21920-1, ISO 21920-2, ISO 21920-3, ISO 25178-1, ISO 25178-2, ISO 25178-3, ISO 25178-6, ISO 25178-70, ISO 25178-71, ISO 25178-72, ISO 25178-73, ISO 25178-600, ISO 25178-601, ISO 25178-602, ISO 25178-603, ISO 25178-604, ISO 25178-605, ISO 25178-606, ISO 25178-607, ISO 25178-700, ISO 25178-701).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes some of the more common methods that are available for measuring the topographical features of a surface and provides an overview of the parameters that are used to quantify them. Being able to reliably derive a set of parameters that describe the texture of biomaterial surfaces is a key aspect in the manufacture of safe and effective implantable medical devices that have the potential to trigger an adverse biological reaction in situ.  
1.2 This guide is not intended to apply to porous structures with average pore dimensions in excess of approximately 50 nm (0.05 μm).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2254-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity of a dynamic mechanical analyzer at an isothermal temperature within the range of –100 °C to 300 °C.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical analysis experiments often use temperature ramps. This method does not address the effect of that change in temperature on the storage modulus.  
5.3 A calibration factor may be required to obtain corrected storage modulus values.  
5.4 This method may be used in research and development, specification acceptance, and quality control or assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or performance confirmation for the storage modulus scale of a commercial or custom built dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) over the temperature range of –100 °C to 300 °C using reference materials in the range of 1 GPa to 200 GPa.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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