ASTM D6932/D6932M-21

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Designation: D6932/D6932M − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D6932/D6932M − 21
Standard Guide for
Materials and Construction of Open-Graded Friction Course
Plant Asphalt Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6932/D6932M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the construction of bituminous open-graded friction course (OGFC) plant asphalt mixtures. End-use
specifications should be adopted to conform to job and user requirements. Where applicable, Specification D3666 should be
applied as a minimum for agencies testing and inspecting road and paving materials.
1.2 Bituminous open-graded friction courses Asphalt OGFCs are placed as the final wearing course for highways and airfields.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
C88C88/C88M Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
C131C131/C131M Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the
Los Angeles Machine
C136C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C1252 Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and
Grading)
D75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D140D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
D946D946/D946M Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.23 on Plant-Mixed
Asphalt Surfaces and Bases.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013May 1, 2021. Published February 2014May 2021. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D6932/D6932M – 08.D6932/D6932M – 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D6932_D6932M-08R13.10.1520/D6932_D6932M-21.
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volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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D6932/D6932M − 21
D1461 Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Asphalt Mixtures
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
D2995 Practice for Estimating Application Rate and Residual Application Rate of Bituminous Distributors
D3381D3381/D3381M Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4791 Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
D6114D6114/D6114M Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
D6307 Test Method for Asphalt Content of Asphalt Mixture by Ignition Method
D6373 Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder
D6390 Test Method for Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures
D7064D7064/D7064M Practice for Open-Graded Friction Course (OGFC) Asphalt Mixture Design
2.2 Other References:
TRB NCHRP Synthesis 284 Performance Survey on Open-Graded Friction Course Mixes
NCAT Report No. 2001-01 Design, Construction and Performance of New Generation Open-Graded Friction Courses
FAA-RD-73-197
FAA-RD-74-38
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 open-graded friction course (OGFC), n—a special type of hot mix surface asphalt surface mixture used for reducing
hydroplaning and potential for skidding, where the function of the mixture is to provide a free-draining layer that permits surface
water to migrate laterally through the mixture to the edge of the pavement.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Example gradings can be found in Appendix X1.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide provides information to assist engineers with the design requirements and construction guidelines for paving an
Open-Graded Friction Courseopen-graded friction course (OGFC) surface layer. An OGFC is primarily used to improve the skid
resistance and wear resistance of a bituminousan asphalt pavement by providing an escape route for surface water beneath a
moving wheel load. The asphalt mixture is typically produced with a low amount of fine aggregate particles and high air void
content to provide a passageway of interconnected voids for moisture to drain away from the travelway. The film thickness of the
asphalt and overall asphalt content isare important for better stripping resistance and durability and aging properties.
NOTE 1—OGFCs may also be placed to reduce the tire-pavement interface noise and may also be placed to reduce the occurrence and severity of reflective
cracking.
5. Types of Specification Information
5.1 Contract documentation for bituminousasphalt OGFC typically includes the following information:
5.1.1 Type of asphalt (for example, asphalt cement, polymer modified asphalt, asphalt rubber) polymer-modified asphalt,
asphalt-rubber) and specification designation;
5.1.2 Grade of asphalt;
5.1.3 Quantity of asphalt required;
5.1.4 Type of aggregate (for example, crushed stone, crushed gravel, crushed slag, gravel, slag) specification designation;
5.1.5 Aggregate quality requirements (for example, coarse aggregate angularity, fine aggregate angularity, L.A. abrasion,
soundness, water absorption, sand equivalent);
5.1.6 Size or sizes of aggregate to be furnished;
5.1.7 Quantity of additive, or anti-stripping agent, or both;
D6932/D6932M − 21
5.1.8 Quantity of open-graded mix; and
5.1.9 Special requirements.
6. Aggregate
6.1 Aggregate shall conform to Classification D448 except where noted in this guide.
6.2 Size—Aggregate should be as close to one size as is economically practical, preferably in the range of 12.5 to 4.75 mm
4.75 mm [ ⁄2 in. to No. 4], for OGFC with up to 25 mm [1.0 in.] in compacted thickness.
6.3 Shape—The ideal shape is cubical or angular. To achieve adequate angularity it is suggested that the coarse aggregate have
at least 95 % one-fractured face and 90 % two-fractured face as measured by Test Method D5821. To help achieve a more cubical
shape it is suggested that the coarse aggregate maximum amount of flat or elongated particles as measured by Test Method D4791
not exceed 10 % with a ratio of 5 to 1 in maximum dimension to minimum dimension. Rounded particles are not acceptable. The
uncompacted void content (fine aggregate angularity-FAA) as measured by Test Methods C1252 should be 40 % or greater.
6.4 Cleanliness—It is important that the aggregate be clean. The sand equivalent value of the fine aggregate passing the 2.36 mm
[No. 8] sieve according to Test Method D2419 should be at least 45 % or greater. It is recommended that the material to be tested
be separated on the 2.36 mm [No. 8] sieve because of the coarse grading of the aggregate. It is also very important to remove any
coatings or fines adhering to the coarse material.
7. Asphalt Binder
7.1 Asphalt cement shall conform to SpecificationsSpecification D946D946/D946M, D3381D3381/D3381M, or D6373.
7.2 When modified asphalt is used, it shall conform to Specification D6373.
7.3 When asphalt-rubber is used, it shall conform to Specification D6114D6114/D6114M.
NOTE 2—The asphalt type and grade to be used dependsdepend on the type of construction, climatic condi
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