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ASTM E2728-11

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Buildings

Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Buildings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Supply of fresh water is limited and demand is increasing.
The United Nations Population Fund estimates that only 2.5 percent of the water on the Earth is fresh, and only about 0.5 percent is accessible ground or surface water.
While world population tripled in the 20th century, the use of water increased six-fold. The United Nations estimates that in the year 2017, close to 70 percent of the global population will have problems accessing fresh water. Additionally, more than 2 billion people around the world lack basic sanitation facilities.
According to WWAP, agriculture use accounts for 70 percent of annual worldwide water use, industrial use accounts for 22 percent and domestic use accounts for 8 percent (1).  
Increased demand has put additional stress on water supplies and distribution systems, threatening both human health and the environment.
Increased demand has intensified energy use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Significant energy is expended for treatment and distribution of water. According to WaterSense, American public water supply and treatment facilities consume about 56 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) per yearenough electricity to power more than 5 million homes for an entire year. In California, an estimated 19 percent of electricity, 32 percent of natural gas consumption, and 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel annually power the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater (2).
The building industry diverts an estimated 16 percent of global fresh water annually (3). It is imperative that design and construction address water efficiency. The estimate of annual usage of available fresh water by the building industry accounts for the quantity of water that is required to manufacture building materials and to construct and operate buildings. It does not reflect the impact of the building industry on the quality of water.
This guide provides information regarding ideal sustainability and water use.
This guide provides ge...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable development in the building industry. It outlines ideal sustainability and applied sustainability for water management, consistent with Guide E2432. Both ideal sustainability and applied sustainability should inform decisions regarding water management.
1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrological cycle. This provides the concept goals and direction for continual improvement.
1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices. This identifies available options considering environmental, economic, and social opportunities and challenges. The most appropriate option(s) are likely to vary depending on the location of the project.
1.2 Water management challenges differ enormously depending on the type of built environment and the available water resources.
1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment vary from very low density rural development to crowded urban development. Large cities present a particular challenge, with 400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million inhabitants.
1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distribution of water around the world, depletion of groundwater, changing rainfall patterns, and other water industry trends requires sustainable solutions for the effective management of the entire water cycle.
1.2.3 Sustainable design, construction, and operation of water and wastewater services for the built environment are critical components of water stewardship and global sustainable water management.
1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution prevention (quality issues) and conservation (quantity issues).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this st...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2010
ICS
91.040.01 - Buildings in general
93.025 - External water conveyance systems
Technical Committee
E60 - Sustainability
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM E3136-18 - Standard Guide for Climate Resiliency in Water Resources
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011

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ASTM E2728-11 - Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of BuildingsASTM E2728-11 - Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Buildings
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ASTM E2728-11 - Standard Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Buildings
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2728 − 11
Standard Guide for
Water Stewardship in the Design, Construction, and
1
Operation of Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide is intended to inform sustainable develop-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ment in the building industry. It outlines ideal sustainability
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
and applied sustainability for water management, consistent
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with Guide E2432. Both ideal sustainability and applied
sustainability should inform decisions regarding water man-
2. Referenced Documents
agement.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 Ideal sustainability is patterned on the hydrological
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
cycle. This provides the concept goals and direction for
mance of Buildings
continual improvement.
E2348 Guide for Framework for a Consensus-based Envi-
1.1.2 Applied sustainability outlines current best practices.
ronmental Decision-making Process
This identifies available options considering environmental,
E2432 Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Rela-
economic, and social opportunities and challenges. The most
tive to Buildings
appropriate option(s) are likely to vary depending on the
E2635 Practice for Water Conservation in Buildings
location of the project.
Through In-Situ Water Reclamation
1.2 Water management challenges differ enormously de-
2.2 Other Reference Documents:
pending on the type of built environment and the available 3
WaterSense
water resources. 4
WWAP World Water Assessment Programme
1.2.1 The general demands of the built environment vary
from very low density rural development to crowded urban
3. Terminology
development. Large cities present a particular challenge, with
3.1 Definitions—For terms related to sustainability relative
400 cities worldwide housing over 1 million inhabitants.
to the performance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.
1.2.2 Successfully meeting the challenges of uneven distri-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bution of water around the world, depletion of groundwater,
3.2.1 effluent,n—wastewater,treatedoruntreated,thatflows
changing rainfall patterns, and other water industry trends
out of a treatment plant, sewer, industrial facility, or con-
requires sustainable solutions for the effective management of
structed source.
the entire water cycle.
3.2.2 emerging pollutant, n—substances that have been
1.2.3 Sustainable design, construction, and operation of
recently discovered or determined to contaminate the environ-
water and wastewater services for the built environment are
ment.
critical components of water stewardship and global sustain-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Emergingpollutantsmayincludeendo-
able water management.
crinial disruptors, persistant organic pollutants, and pharme-
1.3 Water stewardship encompasses both pollution preven-
ceuticals.
tion (quality issues) and conservation (quantity issues).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
standard. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http://
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.07 on Water Use and www.epa.gov/watersense.
4
Conservation. Programme Office for Global Water Assessment, UNESCO, Villa La Colom-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/ bella - Località di Colombella Alta, 06134 Colombella (PERUGIA), Italy, http://
E2728-11. www.unesco.org/water/wwap.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2728 − 11
3.2.3 Environmental Management System (EMS), efforts on the highest priority problems within hydrologically-
n—procedures for identifying, managing, and improving the defined geographic areas taking into
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Supply of fresh water is limited and demand is increasing.  
4.1.1 The United Nations Population Fund estimates that only 2.5 percent of the water on the Earth is fresh, and only about 0.5 percent is accessible ground or surface water.  
4.1.2 While world population tripled in the 20th century, the use of water increased six-fold. The United Nations estimates that in the year 2017, close to 70 percent of the global population will have problems accessing fresh water. Additionally, more than 2 billion people around the world lack basic sanitation facilities.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Supply of fresh water is limited and demand is increasing.  
4.1.1 The United Nations Population Fund estimates that only 2.5 percent of the water on the Earth is fresh, and only about 0.5 percent is accessible ground or surface water.  
4.1.2 While world population tripled in the 20th century, the use of water increased six-fold. The United Nations estimates that in the year 2017, close to 70 percent of the global population will have problems accessing fresh water. Additionally, more than 2 billion people around the world lack basic sanitation facilities.  
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4.3 Increased demand has intensified energy use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Significant energy is expended for treatment and distribution of water. According to WaterSense, American public water supply and treatment facilities consume about 56 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year—enough electricity to power more than 5 million homes for an entire year. In California, an estimated 19 percent of electricity, 32 percent of natural gas consumption, and 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel annually power the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater (2).  
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1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
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5.1 A standard procedure is necessary to establish property changes for spilled oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages.  
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5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether the amount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture is within specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evaluation of the draindown potential of an asphalt mixture during mixture design and/or during field production. This test is primarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate content such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample when the sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to those encountered during the production, storage, transport, and placement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable to mixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers UNS N06002, UNS N06030, UNS N06035, UNS N06022, UNS N06200, UNS N10362, UNS N06230, UNS N06600, UNS N06617, UNS N06625, UNS N08020, UNS N08026, UNS N08024, UNS N08120, UNS N08926, UNS N08367, UNS N10242, UNS N10276, UNS N10665, UNS N10675, UNS N12160, UNS R20033, UNS N06059, UNS N06686, UNS N10629, UNS N08031, UNS N06045, UNS N06025, UNS N06699, and UNS R305562 billets and bars for reforging.  
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