ASTM D7110-21

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7110 − 20 D7110 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Viscosity-Temperature Relationship of Used
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and Soot-Containing Engine Oils at Low Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers how to measure the apparent viscosity of used and soot-containing engine oils at low temperatures.
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1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s is produced at shear stresses below 200 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured continuously
as the sample is cooled at a rate of 3 °C per hour over the range of −5 °C to −40 °C.
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation Index) and
the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations and Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping Temperature of Engine Oil
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2020Jan. 1, 2021. Published June 2020February 2021. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20152020 as
D7110 – 15.D7110 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D7110-20. 10.1520/D7110-21.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7110 − 21
D7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measurement Drift
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the viscosity obtained by use of this test method.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
See 3.1.7 for definition of viscosity and units.
3.1.2 digital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic device consisting of a digital display and associated temperature
sensing probe.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This device consists of a temperature sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument measures the temperature-
dependent quantity of the sensor, computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and provides a digital output, or display
of the temperature, or both. This device is sometimes referred output. This digital output goes to a digital thermometer.display
and/or recording device that may be internal or external to the device.
3.1.2.2 Discussion—
The d
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