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ASTM D7812-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Testing of Aramid Paper

Standard Test Method for Tensile Testing of Aramid Paper

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing aramid paper are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.  
5.2 Tensile strength is used in engineering calculations when designing various types of products.  
5.3 Elongation of the paper is taken into consideration in the design and engineering of reinforced products because of its effect on uniformity of the finished product and its dimensional stability during service.  
5.4 Stiffness is a measure of the resistance of the paper to extension as a force is applied.  
5.5 Tensile Energy Absorption is dependent on the relationship of force to elongation. It is a measure of the ability of a textile structure to absorb mechanical energy. Tensile Energy Absorption is work-to-break per area.  
5.6 It should be emphasized that, although the preceding parameters are related to the performance of the product, the actual configuration of the product is significant. Shape, size, and internal construction also can have appreciable effects on product performance. It is not possible, therefore, to evaluate the performance of the end product in terms of the reinforcing material alone.  
5.7 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assign...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tensile testing of aramid paper with thickness less than 1 mm. This test method includes testing procedures only and includes no specifications or tolerances.  
1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use with computer-controlled constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2022
ICS
59.100.30 - Aramide materials
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7812 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Testing of Aramid Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
Related Properties of Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the tensile testing of aramid
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose
paper with thickness less than 1 mm.This test method includes
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
testing procedures only and includes no specifications or
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tolerances.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Theproceduresgiveninthistestmethodareforusewith
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
computer-controlled constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing
ASTM Test Methods
equipment.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions—The following terms are relevant to this
standard.
standard: aramid paper, breaking force, elongation, initial
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
modulus, tensile strength, and Tensile Energy Absorption.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms related to industrial fibers and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
metallic reinforcements, refer to Terminology D6477.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deforma-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to Terminology D123.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 A conditioned sample of aramid paper is clamped in a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tensile testing machine and then stretched or loaded until
2. Referenced Documents
broken.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The output of a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
testingmachinecanbeconnectedwithelectronicrecordingand
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
computing equipment, which may be programmed to calculate
D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
and print the test results of tensile properties of interest.
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
4.3 Breaking force and elongation are determined directly.
D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical
Modulus and Tensile Energy Absorption are calculated from
3
Insulation (Metric) (Withdrawn 2016)
the force-elongation curve.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
5.1 The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
Metallic Reinforcements.
aramid paper are dependent on the age and history of the
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test.
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D3512 – 16. DOI:
Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps,
10.1520/D7812-22.
2
gauge length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and tempera-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ture and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions
the ASTM website.
3
accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. results on a specific sample.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D781
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7812 − 16 D7812 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Testing of Aramid Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the tensile testing of aramid paper with thickness less than 1 mm. This test method includes testing
procedures only and includes no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use with computer-controlled constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing
equipment.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
3
D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Metric) (Withdrawn 2016)
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and Metallic
Reinforcements.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2022. Published February 2016December 2022. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
D3512 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7812–16.10.1520/D7812-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7812 − 22
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to force and deformation in textiles, refer to Terminology The following terms
are relevant to this standard: aramid paper, breaking force, elongation, initial modulus, tensile strength, and Tensile Energy
Absorption.D6477.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms related to industrial fibers and metallic reinforcements, refer to Terminology D6477.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deformation in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
3.3 Definitions:
3.3.1 aramid paper, n—planar structures deposited from an aqueous suspension that has a thickness less than 1 mm containing at
least 50 mass percent aramid.
3.4 The following terms are relevant to this standard: breaking force, elongation, initial modulus, tensile strength, and Tensile
Energy Absorption.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A conditioned sample of aramid paper is clamped in a tensile testing
...

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1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets, except that when A480M is specified, Annex A3 shall apply for the dimensional tolerances and not the bracketed SI values in Annex A2. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2552-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).  
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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