ASTM E3119-19

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation: E3119 − 17 E3119 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Accelerated Aging of Environmentally Controlled Dynamic
Glazing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 6.1 was corrected editorially in April 2018.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the accelerated aging and monitoring of the time-dependent performance of environmentally
controlled dynamic glazings such as thermochromic (TC) thermotropic, photochromic glazings. and combinations thereof.
1.2 The test method is applicable only for environmentally controlled dynamic glazings. These glazings may be either
monolithic glass, monolithic laminated glass, or sealed insulating glass units fabricated for use in buildings, such as exterior doors,
windows, skylights, and wall systems.
1.3 During use, the environmentally controlled dynamic glazings tested according to this method are exposed to environmental
conditions, including solar radiation and are employed to control the amount of transmitted radiation by absorption and reflection
and thus, limit the amount of solar radiation that is transmitted into a building.
1.4 The test method is not applicable to electronically controlled chromogenic devices, such as electrochromic devices.
1.5 The test method is not applicable to environmentally controlled dynamic glazings that are constructed from superstrate or
substrate materials other than glass.
1.6 The test method referenced herein is a laboratory test conducted under specified conditions.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E2141 Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Electrochromic Devices in Sealed Insulating Glass Units
E3120 Specification for Evaluating Accelerated Aging Performance of Environmentally Controlled Dynamic Glazings
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
G173 Tables for Reference Solar Spectral Irradiances: Direct Normal and Hemispherical on 37° Tilted Surface
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.22 on Durability
Performance of Building Constructions.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017Aug. 1, 2019. Published December 2017September 2019. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
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E3119–17 . DOI: 10.1520/E3119-17E01.10.1520/E3119–19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 9050 Glass in building–Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar energy transmittance,
ultraviolet transmittance and related factors
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology in E631 and G113 for descriptions of general terms.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
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3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 accelerated aging test, n—a test in which the rate of degradation of building components or materials is intentionally
increased from that expected in actual service.
3.2.2 environmentally controlled dynamic glazing (ECDG), n—in a prepared opening of a building, the glazing material
installed in which the optical properties can change in response to environmental stimuli such as sunlight and/or temperature.
3.2.3 highest transmittance state, n—also referred to as the clear state or bleached state, a descriptor for an ECDG glazing when
it is in the transmittance state with the highest photopic specular light transmittance.
3.2.4 lateral uniformity, n—the degree of variation in the amount of irradiance in the x and y directions in the test plane used
for exposing an ECDG glazing.
3.2.5 layer temperature, n—the temperature, as measured by a thermocouple, of the lite having environmentally responsive
properties.
3.2.6 photochromic glazing, n—an environmentally controlled dynamic glazing which changes its optical properties in response
to exposure to solar radiation.
3.2.7 photopic tranmission, n—a function of the spectral transmittance of a specimen weighted by the corresponding ordinates
of the spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision V(λ) and the spectral intensity of standard illuminant D65. ISO 9050
3.2.8 serviceability, n—the capability of a building product, component, assembly, or construction to perform the function(s) for
which it was designed and constructed.
3.2.9 solar irradiance, n—as related to natural weathering of materials, the irradiance of the sun incident on the earth’s surface,
having wavelengths between 295 nm and 4050 nm.
3.2.10 specular (regular) transmittance, n—the optical transmittance that does not include light with a diffuse component.
3.2.11 thermochromic glazing, n—an environmentally controlled dynamic glazing which changes its optical properties in
response to exposure to a broad range of temperatures (≥10 °C).
3.2.12 thermotropic glazing, n—an environmentally controlled dynamic glazing which changes its optical properties at a
discrete temperature or over a small range of temperatures (that is, <10 °C).
3.2.13 transition temperature, n—specifically in thermotropic ECDG, it is temperature at which the optical properties of a given
glazing switches between highest transmittance state and lowest transmittance state.
3.2.13.1 Discussion—
In thermochromic glazing, the optical properties change continuously over a broad temperature range (that is, ≥10 °C) and so do
not have a transition temperature.
3.3 Acronyms:
3.3.1 AWU—accelerated weathering unit.
3.3.2 ECDG—environmentally controlled dynamic glazing.
3.3.3 IGU(s)—insulating glass unit(s).
3.3.4 NIR—near-infrared (radiation).
3.3.5 T —highest specified temperature for recording specular transmittance.
H
3.3.6 T —lowest specified temperature for recording specular transmittance.
L
3.3.7 T —midrange specified temperature for recording specular transmittance.
M
3.3.8 UV—ultraviolet (radiation).
4. Significance and Use
4.1 ECDG perform a number of important functions in a building envelope including: reducing the solar energy heat gain;
providing a variable visual connection with the outside world; enhancing human comfort (heat gain), security, illumination, and
glare control; providing for architectural expression, and (possibly) improving acoustical performance. It is therefore important to
understand the relative serviceability of these glazings.
4.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for assessing the relative serviceability of ECDGs, as described in Section
1.
4.3 The test method is intended to simulate in-service use and accelerate aging of the environmentally controlled dynamic
glazings.
4.4 Results from these tests cannot be used to predict the performance over time of in-service units unless actual corresponding
in-service tests have been conducted and appropriate analyses have been conducted to show how performance can be predicted
from the accelerated aging tests.
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4.5 The procedure in this test method includes environmental test parameters that are typically used in weatherability tests by
standards organizations and are realistic for the intended use of large-area ECDG units.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Accelerated Weathering Unit (AWU), consisting of a temperature controlled chamber with properly filtered xenon-arc
lamp(s) to simulate the spectral power distribution of solar radiation over the UV/Visible and NIR wavelength region (Tables for
Reference G173) operated in accordance with Practice G155.
5.1.1 Fig. 1 shows a top-view schematic diagram of the essential features of the environmental test chamber including the layout
of the ECDG on a test plane of sufficient size to test at least four specimens simultaneously, the location of a sufficient number
of xenon-arc lamps above the test plane to deliver the specified radiation intensity, and the necessary connecting thermocouple
cables from the ECDGs to the computer-controlled data acquisition system.
5.1.2 Some means of adjusting the light intensity and uniformity on the test plane shall be provided in order to obtain the desired
light intensity and lateral uniformity within the guidelines of this document. This can be provided through adjustment of the
position of the test plane relative to the lamp(s) or through adjustment of the output of the lamps themselves. Temperature control
within the test chamber shall be provided. Conditions inside the closed space shall be controlled for air temperatures from 20 to
95 °C. Humidity within the test chamber shall be monitored and shall not exceed 60 %.
5.1.3 Simulated solar radiation shall be provided by a spectrally filtered xenon arc lamp(s) housed within a reflector system. The
lamps shall be suitably filtered to provide a match of the Hemispherical Solar Spectral Irradiance on 37° Tilted Sun-Facing Surface
(Tables for Reference G173) from 300 to 900 nm (see Note 1). The lamps may employ a NIR absorbing filter to reduce the heat
load in the chamber and allow appropriate temperature control.
NOTE 1—At longer wavelengths, the xenon arc emission is at variance with the Tables for Reference G173 hemispherical solar spectral irradiance
because the intensities relative to those in the UV/visible region are higher than in solar radiation. However, this part of the spectrum does not cause
photolytically induced degradation.
5.1.4 The ECDG specimens are to be located on the test plane a given distance from the xenon arc lamps.
5.1.5 The AWU shall have a means for allowing thermocouple connections to pass from inside to the outside of the unit to allow
temperature monitoring of the specimens.
5.2 Spectrometer, for acquiring the specular transmittance of test specimens.
5.2.1 Spectrometer Light Source, a tungsten lamp, or other suitable lamp source that provides illumination from 380 to 780 nm.
5.2.2 Fiber Optic Cables, which shall be routed from the lamp source into the ECDG specimen holder and from the ECDG
specimen holder to the spectrometer. One optical fiber guides the incident light from the lamp source to one side of the specimen;
another optical fiber guides the transmitted light to the spectrometer attached to a computer. The fibers shall be optically coupled
by properly aligned collimating lens assemblies attached to both the illuminating and the collection fibers.
FIG. 1 Top-View Schematic Diagram of (Essential) Components of an Environmental Test Chamber and Data Acquisition System for
Accelerated Aging of Environmentally Controlled Dynamic Glazings
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5.3 Temperature C
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