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ASTM F2179-20

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are Produced for Use as Candle Containers

Standard Specification for Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are Produced for Use as Candle Containers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum performance requirements and associated test methods for annealed transparent or non-transparent soda-lime-silicate glass containers that are produced for use as candle containers. The glass containers shall conform to specified annealing and thermal shock requirements, and shall undergo appropriate scratch testing to ensure that residual stress is reduced to a commercially acceptable level.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is specifically for soda-lime-silicate glass containers that are intended to be used as filled candle containers. This specification does not apply to other glass accessories used for candles, such as votive holders, hurricanes, and glass holders used with free-standing candles. The glass manufacturer or glass secondary processor is responsible for the compliance of the product and maintaining documentation of test results during the manufacturing process.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
29-Feb-2020
ICS
81.040.30 - Glass products
Technical Committee
F15 - Consumer Products
Drafting Committee
F15.45 - Candle Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C224-78(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020
Refers
ASTM C149-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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ASTM F2179-20 - Standard Specification for Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are Produced for Use as Candle ContainersASTM F2179-20 - Standard Specification for Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are Produced for Use as Candle Containers
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REDLINE ASTM F2179-20 - Standard Specification for Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are Produced for Use as Candle ContainersREDLINE ASTM F2179-20 - Standard Specification for Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are Produced for Use as Candle Containers
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F2179 −20
Standard Specification for
Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are
1
Produced for Use as Candle Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C149 Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass
Containers
1.1 This specification is specifically for soda-lime-silicate
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
glass containers that are intended to be used as filled candle
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
containers. This specification does not apply to other glass
F1972 Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and
accessories used for candles, such as votive holders,
Associated Accessory Items
hurricanes, and glass holders used with free-standing candles.
The glass manufacturer or glass secondary processor is respon-
3. Terminology
sible for the compliance of the product and maintaining
documentation of test results during the manufacturing pro-
3.1 For definitions of glass and glass products terms used in
cess.
this specification, refer to Terminology C162.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 For definitions of candle related terms used in this
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
specification, refer to Guide F1972.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3.1 candle container, n—an open vessel used for a filled
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
candle.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3.2 glass manufacturer, n—the entity that produces glass.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.3.3 glass secondary processor, n—an entity that may alter
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the structural integrity of the glass.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.3.4 inside knuckle, n—glass candle container’s inside
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
bottom sidewall radius.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Performance Requirements
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Annealing:
4.1.1 Transparent Glass—Containers examined under po-
2. Referenced Documents
larized light in accordance with Test Methods C148 shall, after
2.1 Reference to these documents shall be the latest
annealing, show no greater than real temper number 4. The
revision, unless otherwise specified by the authority applying
Scratch Test (Section 5) can be used as an alternative to Test
this specification.
Methods C148. Containers tested in accordance with the
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
Scratch Test shall show no fractures.
C148 Test Methods for Polariscopic Examination of Glass
4.1.2 Non-transparent Glass—If glass condition (color,
Containers
decoration, etc.) prohibits sufficient light transmission for use
of Test Methods C148, annealing shall be qualified through the
use of the Scratch Test (Section 5). Containers tested in
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on
accordance with the Scratch Test shall show no fractures.
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on
Candle Products.
4.2 Thermal Shock:
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally
4.2.1 Containers shall be sampled in accordance with Prac-
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2179 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/F2179-20.
tice C224.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2.2 Containers shall not crack or break when tested, with
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the water retained in the container from the first immersion
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. through the second immersion, at a thermal shock temperature
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2179−20
differential (∆T) of 50 °C (90 °F) during continuous testing of 5.4 Test Procedure:
containers during glass pro
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2179 − 14 F2179 − 20
Standard Specification for
Annealed Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Containers That Are
1
Produced for Use as Candle Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for annealed is specifically for soda-lime-silicate glass containers when
the producer knows the containers are that are intended to be used as candle containers.filled candle containers. This specification
does not apply to other glass accessories used for candles, such as votive holders, hurricanes, and glass holders used with
free-standing candles. The glass manufacturer or glass secondary processor is responsible for the compliance of the product and
maintaining documentation of test results during the manufacturing process.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory requirementslimitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 Reference to these documents shall be the latest revision, unless otherwise specified by the authority applying this
specification.
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
C148 Test Methods for Polariscopic Examination of Glass Containers
C149 Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
F1972 Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory Items
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of glass and glass products terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C162.
3.2 For definitions of candle related terms used in this specification, refer to Guide F1972.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 candle container, n—an open vessel used for a filled candle.
3.3.2 glass manufacturer, n—the entity that produces glass.
3.3.3 glass secondary processor, n—an entity that may alter the structural integrity of the glass.
3.3.4 inside knuckle, n—glass candle container’s inside bottom sidewall radius.
4. Performance Requirements
4.1 Annealing:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on Candle Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014March 1, 2020. Published February 2014March 2020. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20132014
as F2179 – 02 (2013).F2179 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/F2179-14.10.1520/F2179-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2179 − 20
4.1.1 Transparent Glass—Containers examined under polarized light in accordance with Test Methods C148 shall, after
annealing, show no greater than real temper number 4. This performance requirement will also apply to containers that are further
processed (such as ceramic enamel decorations), following the original manufacture, by reheating the container above the strain
point and cooling to room temperature. The Scratch Test (Section 5) can be used as an alternative to Test Methods C148. Containers
tested in accordance with the Scratch Test shall show no fractures.
4.1.2 Non-transparent Glass—If glass condition (color, decoration, etc.) prohibits sufficient light transmission for use
...

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SCOPE
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4.1 This test system has advantages in certain respects over the use of static loading systems in the measurement of glass and glass-ceramics:  
4.1.1 Only minute stresses are applied to the specimen, thus minimizing the possibility of fracture.  
4.1.2 The period of time during which stress is applied and removed is of the order of hundreds of microseconds, making it feasible to perform measurements at temperatures where delayed elastic and creep effects proceed on a much-shortened time scale, as in the transformation range of glass, for instance.  
4.2 The test is suitable for detecting whether a material meets specifications, if cognizance is given to one important fact: glass and glass-ceramic materials are sensitive to thermal history. Therefore the thermal history of a test specimen must be known before the moduli can be considered in terms of specified values. Material specifications should include a specific thermal treatment for all test specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elastic properties of glass and glass-ceramic materials. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonance frequencies which are defined by the elastic moduli, density, and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore the elastic properties of a material can be computed if the geometry, density, and mechanical resonance frequencies of a suitable test specimen of that material can be measured. Young's modulus is determined using the resonance frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonance vibrations. Young's modulus and shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio, the factor of lateral contraction.  
1.2 All glass and glass-ceramic materials that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic may be tested by this test method.2 The test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that represent inhomogeneities in the material; neither is it satisfactory when these materials cannot be prepared in a suitable geometry. Non-glass and glass-ceramic materials should reference Test Method E1875 for non-material specific methodology to determine resonance frequencies and elastic properties by sonic resonance.
Note 1: Elastic here means that an application of stress within the elastic limit of that material making up the body being stressed will cause an instantaneous and uniform deformation, which will cease upon removal of the stress, with the body returning instantly to its original size and shape without an energy loss. Glass and glass-ceramic materials conform to this definition well enough that this test is meaningful.
Note 2: Isotropic means that the elastic properties are the same in all directions in the material. Glass is isotropic and glass-ceramics are usually so on a macroscopic scale, because of random distribution and orientation of crystallites.  
1.3 A cryogenic cabinet and high-temperature furnace are described for measuring the elastic moduli as a function of temperature from –195 to 1200 °C.  
1.4 Modification of the test for use in quality control is possible. A range of acceptable resonance frequencies is determined for a piece with a particular geometry and density. Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each piece need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonance frequency that the piece must possess if its geometry and density are within specified tolerances.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices...

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ASTM
ASTM D116-86(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 For any given ceramic composition, one or more of the properties covered herein may be of more importance for a given insulating application than the other properties. Thus, it may be appropriate that selected properties be specified for testing these ceramic materials.  
3.2 Pertinent statements of the significance of individual properties may be found in the sections pertaining to such properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods outline procedures for testing samples of vitrified ceramic materials that are to be used as electrical insulation. Where specified limits are mentioned herein, they shall not be interpreted as specification limits for completed insulators.  
1.2 These test methods are intended to apply to unglazed specimens, but they may be equally suited for testing glazed specimens. The report section shall indicate whether glazed or unglazed specimens were tested.  
1.3 The test methods appear as follows:    
Section  
Test Method  
Related
Standard(s)  
6  
Compressive Strength  
C773  
13  
Dielectric Strength  
D618, D149  
8  
Elastic Properties  
C623  
15  
Electrical Resistivity  
D618, D257, D1829  
7  
Flexural Strength  
C674, F417  
9  
Hardness  
C730, E18  
5  
Porosity  
C373  
14  
Relative Permittivity and Dissipation
Factor  
D150, D2149, D2520  
4  
Specific Gravity  
C20, C329, F77  
10  
Thermal Conductivity  
C177, C408  
12  
Thermal Expansion  
C539, E288  
11  
Thermal Shock Resistance  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 11.3, 13.5, and 15.3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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