ASTM C149-14(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers
Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the relative thermal shock resistance of commercial bottles and jars and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden changes in temperature in service. The test apparatus consists essentially of a basket for holding the glassware upright, a hot water tank, a cold water tank, and a timed means for immersing and transferring the basket from the hot to the cold bath. Indicating controllers or dial thermometers should be used to maintain the temperatures of the baths. Test procedures included in this specification include pass tests, progressive tests to a predetermined percent of breakage, total progressive tests, and high-level tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of commercial glass containers (bottles and jars) to thermal shock and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden temperature changes (thermal shock) in service such as in washing, pasteurization, or hot pack processes, or in being transferred from a warm to a colder medium or vice versa.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Jul-2020
- Technical Committee
- C14 - Glass and Glass Products
- Drafting Committee
- C14.07 - Glass Containers
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2004
- Effective Date
- 10-Apr-1999
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2020
Overview
ASTM C149-14(2020) is the internationally recognized standard for measuring the thermal shock resistance of glass containers, including commercial bottles and jars. Published by ASTM International, this test method is critical for assessing a glass container’s ability to withstand rapid temperature changes during processes such as washing, pasteurization, and hot filling. The standard outlines procedures and apparatus requirements designed to ensure repeatable and accurate results across a variety of glass container types. Thermal shock resistance testing is essential for quality assurance in the glass packaging industry and for meeting regulatory or safety requirements.
Key Topics
- Thermal Shock Resistance Testing: The core focus of ASTM C149-14(2020) is to determine how well a glass container can handle sudden temperature shifts, simulating real-world use.
- Applicability: The standard applies to all types of glass bottles and jars that may be subjected to thermal shock during their lifecycle.
- Equipment and Apparatus: The method specifies using a basket to hold the glassware upright and two tanks (one hot, one cold), maintaining temperature control within tight tolerances.
- Testing Procedures: Several procedures are covered:
- Pass Test: For routine production checking.
- Progressive Tests: Either to a set breakage percentage or until all containers fail.
- High-Level Test: Single test at a set temperature difference to break some containers.
- Sampling: Guidelines for proper sampling of glass containers are referenced to ASTM C224 to ensure representative testing.
- Safety: The standard emphasizes user responsibility for safety, health, and environmental practices.
- Compliance: Developed per the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) principles, ensuring wide acceptance and consistency.
Applications
ASTM C149-14(2020) is widely used throughout the glass container manufacturing and quality assurance sectors. Key applications include:
- Quality Control in Glass Production: Manufacturers use this standard to routinely verify thermal shock resistance during continuous production, helping to prevent product failures in real-world use.
- Regulatory Compliance: Ensures glass containers meet industry and regulatory requirements for safety in food and beverage applications.
- Product Development: Assists engineers and designers in evaluating new glass formulations or designs for improved thermal resistance.
- End-User Assurance: Provides bottlers, packagers, and customers with confidence that containers can safely withstand temperature changes during processing or use.
- Root Cause Analysis: Thermal shock testing can be used to investigate breakage issues or customer complaints, supporting corrective actions.
Related Standards
To ensure comprehensive testing and compliance, these related standards should also be considered:
- ASTM C224: Practice for Sampling Glass Containers - Provides methods for selecting representative samples for testing.
- ASTM Adjunct - Apparatus Drawings: Detailed drawings of the required test apparatus are available to facilitate accurate setup.
- International Standards: ASTM C149 aligns with global standardization initiatives under the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee principles.
By adhering to ASTM C149-14(2020) and its associated references, organizations can ensure the reliability and safety of glass containers exposed to thermal shock, supporting robust quality control programs and compliance with international standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C149-14(2020) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This test method covers the determination of the relative thermal shock resistance of commercial bottles and jars and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden changes in temperature in service. The test apparatus consists essentially of a basket for holding the glassware upright, a hot water tank, a cold water tank, and a timed means for immersing and transferring the basket from the hot to the cold bath. Indicating controllers or dial thermometers should be used to maintain the temperatures of the baths. Test procedures included in this specification include pass tests, progressive tests to a predetermined percent of breakage, total progressive tests, and high-level tests. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of commercial glass containers (bottles and jars) to thermal shock and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden temperature changes (thermal shock) in service such as in washing, pasteurization, or hot pack processes, or in being transferred from a warm to a colder medium or vice versa. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This test method covers the determination of the relative thermal shock resistance of commercial bottles and jars and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden changes in temperature in service. The test apparatus consists essentially of a basket for holding the glassware upright, a hot water tank, a cold water tank, and a timed means for immersing and transferring the basket from the hot to the cold bath. Indicating controllers or dial thermometers should be used to maintain the temperatures of the baths. Test procedures included in this specification include pass tests, progressive tests to a predetermined percent of breakage, total progressive tests, and high-level tests. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of commercial glass containers (bottles and jars) to thermal shock and is intended to apply to all types of glass containers that are required to withstand sudden temperature changes (thermal shock) in service such as in washing, pasteurization, or hot pack processes, or in being transferred from a warm to a colder medium or vice versa. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C149-14(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.040.30 - Glass products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C149-14(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C149-14, ASTM C224-78(2020), ASTM C224-78(2014), ASTM C224-78(2009), ASTM C224-78(2004)e1, ASTM C224-78(1999), ASTM F2179-20. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM C149-14(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C149 − 14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Apparatus
3.1 The apparatus shall consist essentially of a basket for
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative
holding the glassware upright, two tanks, one containing hot
resistance of commercial glass containers (bottles and jars) to
water and one containing cold water, and an automatically
thermal shock and is intended to apply to all types of glass
timed means for immersing and transferring the basket of
containers that are required to withstand sudden temperature
bottles from the hot to the cold bath. A suitable type of
changes (thermal shock) in service such as in washing,
apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 1.
pasteurization, or hot pack processes, or in being transferred
from a warm to a colder medium or vice versa.
3.2 A device shall be provided to maintain the temperature
of the baths within 61.1 °C (2 °F) of the specified tempera-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tures. Indicating controllers that control the heating of the hot
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
water and the cooling of the cold water are recommended.
only.
Otherwise dial thermometers should be attached and the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperatures controlled manually.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 The capacity of each tank shall be at least 3.8 L (1 gal)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for each 0.45 kg (1 lb) of glass tested.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Sampling
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
containers of a given type are given in Practice C224, for the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
various situations to which it may apply.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Procedure
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Adjust the temperatures of the baths so that the cold
bath is at 21 °C (70 °F) and the hot bath is at a temperature
2. Referenced Documents
hotter than the cold bath by a specified differential, preferably
2.1 ASTM Standard:
42 °C. As a result, the first immersion temperature will be
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
63 °C (145 °F, or a differential of approximately 75°F) (Note
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
1). Fill, or partially fill, the basket, with empty bottles, and
Apparatus for thermal shock test of glass containers (6
when the temperatures of the baths are within 61.1 °C (2 °F)
Drawings)
of those specified immerse the basket in the hot bath in such a
manner that the bottles become completely filled with hot
water, allow to soak for 5 min, transfer to the cold bath, and
immerse for 30 s, and then remove from the cold bath. Control
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
the 5-min immersion in the hot bath within 10 s, and the time
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07 on
Glass Containers.
of transfer from the hot to the cold bath shall be 15 61s.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
During the test, protect the apparatus from drafts in a sheltered
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C149 – 14. DOI:
area. Observe the number of containers failing in the test by
10.1520/C0149-14R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or individual inspection of each.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
NOTE1—Ifacoldbathtemperatureotherthan21°C(70°F)isused,the
Standards volume information, re
...
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