ASTM D446-97e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 446 – 97
Designation: 71S2/95
Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for
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Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Footnote 5 was added editorially in March 1999.
1. Scope ISO Guide 25 General Requirements for the Calibration and
Testing Laboratories
1.1 This standard gives specifications and operating instruc-
tions for glass capillary kinematic viscometers of all the types
3. Materials and Manufacture
described in detail in Annex A1, Annex A2, and Annex A3 as
3.1 Fully annealed, low-expansion borosilicate glass shall
follows:
be used for the construction of all viscometers. The size
Modified Ostwald viscometers, Annex A1
number, serial number, and manufacturer’s designation shall be
Suspended-level viscometers, Annex A2
Reverse-flow viscometers, Annex A3
permanently marked on each viscometer. All timing marks
shall be etched and filled with an opaque color, or otherwise
1.2 The calibration of the viscometers is described in
made a permanent part of the viscometer. See detailed descrip-
Section 6.
tion of each type of viscometer in Annex A1, Annex A2, and
1.3 This standard covers some widely used viscometers
Annex A3.
suitable for use in accordance with Test Method D 445. Other
3.2 With the exception of the FitzSimons and Atlantic
viscometers of the glass capillary type which are capable of
viscometers, all viscometers are designed to fit through a
measuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precision
51-mm hole in the lid of a constant-temperature bath having a
given in Test Method D 445 may be used.
liquid depth of at least 280 mm; and it is assumed that the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
surface of the liquid will be not more than 45 mm from the top
standard.
of the bath lid. For certain constant-temperature baths, espe-
2. Referenced Documents cially at low or high temperatures, it may be necessary to
construct the viscometers with the uppermost tubes longer than
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shown to ensure adequate immersion in the constant-
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
temperature bath. Viscometers so modified can be used to
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
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measure kinematic viscosity within the precision of the test
Viscosity)
method. The lengths of tubes and bulbs on the figures should be
D 2162 Test Method for Basic Calibration of Master Vis-
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held within6 10 % or 610 mm, whichever is less, such that
cometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
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the calibration constant of the viscometer does not vary by
2.2 ISO Documents:
more than 615 % from the nominal value.
ISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers—
Specifications and Operating Instructions
4. Nomenclature for Figures
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque
4.1 The figures in the annexes contain letters to designate
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-
specific parts of each viscometer. These letters are also used in
culation of Dynamic Viscosity
the text of the standard when reference to the viscometers is
given. The more frequently used letters on the figures in the
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These specifications and operating instructions are under the jurisdiction of
annexes are as follows:
ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. A lower reservoir
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published October 1998. Originally B suspended level
bulb
published as D 2515 – 66. Last previous edition D 446 – 93a. Redesignated D 446
in 1977. C and J timing bulbs
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D upper reservoir
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
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E, F, and I timing marks
Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St.,
New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 446
6.2.3.1 The calibration of the reference viscometer should
G and H filling marks
K overflow tube
only be carried out by a reputable laboratory meeting the
L mounting tube
requirements of, for example, ISO Guide 25.
M lower vent tube
6.2.4 Calculate the viscometer constant C as follows:
N upper vent tube
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P connecting tube
C 5 ~t 3 C !/t (1)
1 2 2 1
R working capillary
5. Viscometer Holder and Alignment
where:
C 5 the constant of the viscometer being calibrated,
5.1 All
...