ASTM B788/B788M-09(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B788/B788M − 09 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Aluminum Culverts and
Storm Sewer Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B788/B788M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope B745/B745M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe
for Sewers and Drains
1.1 This practice describes procedures, soils, and soil place-
B790/B790M Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated
ment for the proper installation of corrugated aluminum
Aluminum Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Culverts,
culverts and storm sewers in either trench or projection
Storm Sewers, and Other Buried Conduits
installations. A typical trench installation is shown in Fig. 1,
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
and a typical embankment (projection) installation is shown in
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
Fig. 2. The pipes described in this practice are manufactured in
kN-m/m ))
a factory and furnished to the job in lengths ordinarily from 10
D1556/D1556M Test Method for Density and Unit Weight
to 30 ft [3 to 9 m], with 20 ft [6 m] being common, for field
of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone Method
joining. This practice applies to structures designed in accor-
D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
dance with Practice B790/B790M.
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Drive-Cylinder Method
used independently of the other, and values from the two
D6938 TestMethodsforIn-PlaceDensityandWaterContent
systems shall not be combined.
of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Depth)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 bedding, n—the earth or other material on which a
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
pipe is supported.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 haunch, n—the portion of the pipe cross section
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
between the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
bedding.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.3 invert, n—the lowest point on the pipe cross section;
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
also, the bottom portion of a pipe.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 pipe, n—a conduit having full circular shape; also, in
2.1 ASTM Standards: a general context, all structure shapes covered by this practice.
3.1.5 pipe-arch, n—a pipe with an approximate semicircular
crown, small-radius corners, and large-radius invert.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.08 on
Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate.
4. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
4.1 Corrugated aluminum pipe functions structurally as a
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as B788/
B788M – 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/B0788_B0788M-09R20.
flexible ring which is supported by and interacts with the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
compacted surrounding soil. The soil constructed around the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
pipe is thus an integral part of the structural system. It is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. therefore important to ensure that the soil structure or backfill
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B788/B788M − 09 (2020)
continuous rock foundation, it is necessary to provide a
suitable soil bedding under the pipe. See Fig. 3.
6.2 Lateral changes in foundation should never be such that
the pipe is firmly supported while the backfill alongside is not.
When soft material is encountered during construction and
must be removed in order to provide an adequate foundation,
remove the soft material for a distance of three pipe widths,
unless the engineer has set another limit. See Fig. 4.
6.3 Performance of buried pipe is enhanced by allowing the
pipe to settle slightly under load compared to the columns of
soil alongside. Thus, for larger pipes it can be beneficial to
purposely create a foundation under the pipe itself which will
yield under load more than will the foundation under the
columns of soil to each side. It can usually be obtained by
placing a layer of compressible soil of a suitable thickness, less
FIG. 1 Typical Trench Installation
densely compacted than the soil alongside, beneath the struc-
ture. This creates favorable relative movement between pipe
and the soil on each side. It is of particular importance on
pipe-arches.
6.4 Pipe-arches—All pipe-arch structures must have excel-
lent soil support at their corners by both the in-situ foundation
and the structural backfill. See Figs. 4 and 5. They do not
require the same degree of support under their large-radius
inverts.
6.5 Theengineerisencouragedtodevelopdetailsspecificto
the site based on the general principles for foundation condi-
tions given in 6.1 – 6.4.
FIG. 2 Typical Embankment (Projection) Installation
7. Bedding
7.1 Material used for bedding beneath the pipe shall meet
is made up of acceptable material and is well-constructed. the requirements of this section. Material in contact with the
Field verification of soil structure acceptability using Test
pipe shall not contain rock retained on a 3-in. [75 mm] ring,
Methods D1556/D1556M, D2167, D2937,or D6938 as
frozen lumps, chunks of highly plastic clay, organic matter,
applicable, and comparing the results with Test Method D698
corrosive material, or other deleterious material. It is not
in accordance with the specifications for each project, is the
required to shape the bedding to the pipe geometry. However,
most reliable basis for installation of an acceptable structure.
The required density and method of measurement are not
specified by this practice, but they must be established in the
specifications for each project.
5. Trench Excavation
5.1 To obtain anticipated structural performance of corru-
gated aluminum pipe it is not necessary to control trench width
beyond the minimum required for proper installation of pipe
and backfill. However, the soil on each side beyond the
excavated trench must be able to support anticipated loads.
Whenaconstructionsituationcallsforarelativelywidetrench,
it shall be made as wide as required, for its full depth if so
desired. However, trench excavation must be in compliance
with any local, state, and federal codes and safety regulations.
6. Foundation
6.1 The supporting soil beneath the pipe must provide a
reasonably uniform resistance to the imposed load, both
longitudinally and laterally. Sharp variations in the foundation
must be avoided. When rock is encountered, it must be
excavated and replaced with soil. If the pipe runs along a FIG. 3 Foundation Transition Zones and Rock Foundations
B788/B788M − 09 (2020)
continuous flow line, and (4) to limit the amount of infiltration
of backfill material into the pipe and to limit exfiltration of the
flow through the pipe.
8.2.2 Joint System Components—The joining system shall
be specified by the project engineer. The components shall
conform to the requirements of Specification B745/B745M.
The pipe fabricator shall provide the components specified for
the project or as designated by the fabricator in accordance
with Specification B745/B745M, Ordering Information. Con-
formance of the joining system components with the project
requirements shall be verified upon delivery to the project site.
8.2.3 Joining System Installation—The performance of the
pipe line and the joining system will be achieved only when all
components of the pipe system are properly installed. As an
integral portion of the pipe system, the joining system must be
assembled in accordance with the details in the project draw-
FIG. 4 Soft Foundation Treatment
ings or the recommendations provided by the pipe fabricator.
8.2.3.1 Gaskets—If gaskets are a required component of the
joining system, they shall be placed on the pipe ends, at the
requiredlocationonthepipe,priortoinstallationofthecoupler
orbands,orpriortostabbingabellandspigotjoint.Forjoining
systems incorporating o-rings(s), the o-ring shall be placed on
the spigot end of the pipe when the joint is a stab-type joining
system, or one shall be placed on each end of the pipes that
form a joining system that incorporates a coupling band. If the
joining system includes a flat gasket, the gasket shall be placed
over the end of the pipe previously placed and extended over
the end of the adjacent pipe after it is positioned. In lieu of a
single flat gasket, two smaller flat gaskets may be used with
one gasket on the end of the pipe forming the joint. For pipe
supplied with a factory installed band or coupler, no field
installed gasket will be required on the pipe end with the
factory installed device. When recommended by the
manufacturer, lubricant shall be applied to the designated
surfaces. Once installed, the gasket shall be protected against
damage until the joint is completely installed.
FIG. 5 Bedding and Corner Zone Treatment for Pipe-arch Struc-
8.2.3.2 Coupling Bands—Coupling bands shall be placed on
tures
the end of the last pipe installed. When installing two-part
bands, the first portion of the band shall be placed to cover the
bottom portion of the pipe. When the subsequent pipe is
for pipe-arches, it is recommended to either shape the bedding
placed, the installation of the joining system is completed to
to the relatively flat bottom arc or fine-grade the foundation to
ensure proper alignment of the pipeline. The width of the
a slight v-shape. This avoids the problem of trying to backfill
opening between pipe ends shall be as recommended by the
the difficult area beneath the invert of pipe-arches. See Fig. 5.
pipe fabricator. The band shall be tightened around the pipe
8. Pipe Installation
ends to the extent necessary to achieve proper performance of
the joining system. The band shall be placed over the pipe
8.1 All pipe shall be unloaded and handled with reasonable
being joined in a manner that matches any corrugations or
care.Pipeshallnotberolledordraggedovergravelorrockand
dimples in the band with the corrugations in the pipe. Follow
shall be prevented from striking rock or other hard objects
the pipe fabricator’s instructions and methods for tightening
during placement on bedding. Pipe with protective coatings
shall be handled with special care to avoid damage. Paved the bands.
inverts shall be placed and centered in the invert.
8.2.3.3 Sleeve Coupler and Bell and Spigot Joining
Systems—When a field installed sleeve coupler is utilized, it
8.2 Joining Systems:
shall be placed on the end of the pipe previously placed. With
8.2.1 Purpose of Joining systems—Joining systems for cor-
a bell and spigot system, the first pipe is to be oriented so the
rugated aluminum pipe serve several purpo
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