ASTM D3161-03

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Designation: D 3161 – 03
Standard Test Method for
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Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope sealant, this test method is designed to determine the wind
resistance when representative samples of shingles are sealed
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing asphalt
under defined conditions before testing.
shingles that are resistant to wind blow-up or blow-off when
applied on low slopes in accordance with the manufacturer’s
4. Apparatus
instructions. It is generally used to determine the blow-off
4.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream
resistance of sealed and interlocked shingles at a given wind
of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and
velocity, but may be used to test unsealed or sealed shingles at
305 mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60
other wind velocities as is applicable.
mph) and not greater than 177 km/h (110 mph). The test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
velocity shall not vary more than 65 % as measured at the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
orifice. The machine shall be equipped with an adjustable stand
only.
to receive a test panel and be adapted to setting the test panel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
at any desired slope, at any horizontal distance from the lower
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
edge of the duct opening, and at various angles incident to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wind direction.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Timer, capable of reading to the nearest minute.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Mechanical Circulation Conditioning Cell or Room, for
2. Type of Shingles self-sealing shingles, having forced circulation of air capable
of receiving a 1.27-m (50-in.) wide by 1.68-m (66-in.) long, or
2.1 Shingles are of two types:
larger test panel on a slope of 2 in. rise per foot (17 % slope)
2.1.1 Type I—Shingles with a factory-applied adhesive
and of maintaining a uniform temperature of 57 to 60°C (135
(self-sealing shingles).
to 140°F).
2.1.2 Type II—Shingles of the lock type, with mechanically
interlocking tabs or ears.
5. Test Samples
3. Significance and Use 5.1 The test panels shall be of plywood, tightly matched
sheathing boards, or other suitable decking material and not
3.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind
less than 1.27 by 1.68 m (50 by 66 in.) in size. They are to be
resistance by this test, have also performed well in use. Natural
of such rigidity that they will not twist or distort with normal
wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and
handling, or vibrate from the wind velocity during the test.
turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test
5.2 Apply self-sealing shingles to duplicate panels, parallel
to simulate.
to the short dimension of the panel, in the normal manner
3.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of
recommended by the manufacturer. Use roofing nails, properly
shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope,
positioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions,
contamination by dirt and debris, and interference by mis-
to fasten each shingle, and no cement other than the factory-
placed fasteners. It is not the objective of this test method to
applied adhesive shall be used to fasten down the tabs. Do not
address all of these influences. When testing shingles with
apply pressure to the shingle tabs either during or after
application.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing 5.3 Apply lock-type shingles to at least four panels, parallel
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
to the short dimension of the panel, in accordance with the
Prepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials.
manufacturer’s instructions. Secure the shingles at the outer
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published February 2003. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3161 – 99a.
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