ASTM D3161-99a

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3161 – 99a
Standard Test Method for
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and
305 mm (12 in.) high at a velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph) 6 5%
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing asphalt
as measured at the orifice. The machine shall be equipped with
shingles that are resistant to wind blow-up or blow-off when
an adjustable stand to receive a test panel and be adapted to
applied on low slopes in accordance with the manufacturer’s
setting the test panel at any desired slope, at any horizontal
instructions. It is generally used to determine the blow-off
distance from the lower edge of the duct opening, and at
resistance of sealed and interlocked shingles at a given wind
various angles incident to the wind direction.
velocity, but may be used to test unsealed or sealed shingles at
4.2 Timer, capable of reading to the nearest minute.
other wind velocities as is applicable.
4.3 Mechanical Circulation Conditioning Cell or Room, for
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
self-sealing shingles, having forced circulation of air capable
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of receiving a 1.27-m (50-in.) wide by 1.68-m (66-in.) long, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
larger test panel on a slope of 2 in. rise per foot (17 % slope)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and of maintaining a uniform temperature of 57 to 60°C (135
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to 140°F).
2. Type of Shingles
5. Test Samples
2.1 Shingles are of two types:
5.1 The test panels shall be of plywood, tightly matched
2.1.1 Type I—Shingles with a factory-applied adhesive
sheathing boards, or other suitable decking material and not
(self-sealing shingles).
less than 1.27 by 1.68 m (50 by 66 in.) in size. They are to be
2.1.2 Type II—Shingles of the lock type, with mechanically
of such rigidity that they will not twist or distort with normal
interlocking tabs or ears.
handling, or vibrate from the wind velocity during the test.
3. Significance and Use
5.2 Apply self-sealing shingles to duplicate panels, parallel
to the short dimension of the panel, in the normal manner
3.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind
recommended by the manufacturer. Use roofing nails, properly
resistance by this test, have also performed well in use. Natural
positioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions,
wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and
to fasten each shingle, and no cement other than the factory-
turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test
applied adhesive shall be used to fasten down the tabs. Do not
to simulate.
apply pressure to the shingle tabs either during or after
3.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of
application.
shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope,
5.3 Apply lock-type shingles to at least four panels, parallel
contamination by dirt and debris, and interference by mis-
to the short dimension of the panel, in accordance with the
placed fasteners. It is not the objective of this test to address all
manufacturer’s instructions. Secure the shingles at the outer
of these influences. When testing shingles with sealant, this test
edge of the test panel by exposed nailing to simulate anchoring
is designed to determine the wind resistance when representa-
at the rake edges of a roof deck.
tive samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions
5.4 Control the temperature at 27 6 8°C (80 6 15°F) and
before testing.
maintain the slope of the panel at 2 in./ft (17 % slope) during
4. Apparatus
application of the shingles.
4.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream
6. Conditioning of Self-Sealing Shingle Test Decks
6.1 Maintain the test panels at a slope of 2 in./ft (17 %
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
slope) and at a temperature of 27 6 8°C (80 6 15°F) until
Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials and is the direct responsibility of
beginning heat conditioning.
Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originally
6.2 Place the test panels in the conditioning cell or room on
published as D 3161 – 72 T. Last previous edition D 3161 – 99.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3161
a slope of 2 in./ft (17 % slope) and maintain at a temperature as the time at which the sealing feature fails to restrain one or
of 57 to 60°C (135 to 140°F) for a continuous period of 16 h. more full shingle tabs, or a locking ear or tab of a lock shingle
6.3 After completion of the conditioning period, allow the tears loose or disengages from its locking position. In addition,
test panels to come to room temperature 27 6 8°C (80 6 15°F) no free portion of a shingle shall lift so as to stand upri
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