ASTM D3161-03a

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Designation: D 3161 – 03a
Standard Test Method for
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Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope resistance when representative samples of shingles are sealed
under defined conditions before testing.
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing asphalt
shingles that are resistant to wind blow-up or blow-off when
4. Apparatus
applied on low slopes in accordance with the manufacturer’s
4.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream
instructions. It is generally used to determine the blow-off
of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and
resistance of sealed and interlocked shingles at a given wind
305 mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60
velocity, but may be used to test unsealed or sealed shingles at
mph). The test velocity shall not vary more than 65% as
other wind velocities as is applicable.
measured at the orifice. The machine shall be equipped with an
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
adjustable stand to receive a test panel and be adapted to setting
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
the test panel at any desired slope, at any horizontal distance
only.
from the lower edge of the duct opening, and at various angles
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
incident to the wind direction.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Timer, capable of reading to the nearest minute.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Mechanical Circulation Conditioning Cell or Room, for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
self-sealing shingles, having forced circulation of air capable
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of receiving a 1.27-m (50-in.) wide by 1.68-m (66-in.) long, or
2. Type of Shingles larger test panel on a slope of 2 in. rise per foot (17 % slope)
and of maintaining a uniform temperature of 57 to 60°C (135
2.1 Shingles are of two types:
to 140°F).
2.1.1 Type I—Shingles with a factory-applied adhesive
(self-sealing shingles).
5. Test Samples
2.1.2 Type II—Shingles of the lock type, with mechanically
5.1 The test panels shall be of plywood, tightly matched
interlocking tabs or ears.
sheathing boards, or other suitable decking material and not
3. Significance and Use less than 1.27 by 1.68 m (50 by 66 in.) in size. They are to be
of such rigidity that they will not twist or distort with normal
3.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind
handling, or vibrate from the wind velocity during the test.
resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural
5.2 Apply self-sealing shingles to duplicate panels, parallel
wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and
to the short dimension of the panel, in the normal manner
turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test
recommended by the manufacturer. Use roofing nails, properly
to simulate.
positioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions,
3.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of
to fasten each shingle, and no cement other than the factory-
shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope,
applied adhesive shall be used to fasten down the tabs. Do not
contamination by dirt and debris, and interference by mis-
apply pressure to the shingle tabs either during or after
placed fasteners. It is not the objective of this test method to
application.
address all of these influences. When testing shingles with
5.3 Apply lock-type shingles to at least four panels, parallel
sealant, this test method is designed to determine the wind
to the short dimension of the panel, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. Secure the shingles at the outer
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
edge of the test panel by exposed nailing to simulate anchoring
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
at the rake edges of a roof deck.
Prepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3161 – 03.
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