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ASTM D977-20

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt

Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for thirteen grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated. The emulsified asphalts shall be homogeneous after thorough mixing and shall be tested within 14 days of delivery. Asphalts separated by freezing shall no longer be tested. Materials shall be appropriately sampled and tested, and shall conform accordingly to the following physical requirements: viscosity; storage stability; demulsibility; coating ability and water resistance; cement mixing; residue by distillation; oil distillate; ductility; solubility in trichloroethylene; and behavior during sieve, penetration, and float tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 13 grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2020
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.41 - Emulsified Asphalt Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D977 −20
Standard Specification for
1
Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
D7226 Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emul-
1.1 This specification covers 13 grades of emulsified asphalt
sified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
for use in pavement construction in the manner designated.
D7496 Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Saybolt Furol Viscometer
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
standard.
N-Propyl Bromide
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- D8078 Test Method for Ash Content of Asphalt and Emul-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sified Asphalt Residues
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Requirements
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 The emulsified asphalt shall be tested within 14 days of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
delivery. The emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous after
thorough mixing, provided separation has not been caused by
2. Referenced Documents
freezing. Emulsified asphalts separated by freezing shall not be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tested.
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-
3.2 Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirements
rials
prescribed in Table 1. Specify the test method to be used.
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
Specify either Test Method D7226 or D7496.
D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
4. Sampling
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
4.1 Samples of emulsified asphalt shall be taken in accor-
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
dance with Practice D140/D140M.
Trichloroethylene
D3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of 4.2 Samples shall be stored in clean, airtight, sealed con-
Slurry Seal
tainers as specified in Practice D140/D140M at a temperature
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of of not less than 4 °C until tested.
Emulsified Asphalts
5. Test Methods
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified
Asphalts (Sieve Test)
5.1 The properties of the emulsified asphalts given in Table
D6935 Test Method for Determining Cement Mixing of
1 shall be determined in accordance with the followingASTM
Emulsified Asphalt
test methods:
D6936 Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emul-
5.1.1 Viscosity—Test Method D7496 or D7226.
sified Asphalt
5.1.2 Storage Stability—Test Method D6930.
5.1.3 Demulsibility—Test Method D6936.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
5.1.4 Coating Ability and Water Resistance—Test Methods
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.41 on
D244.
Emulsified Asphalt Specifications.
5.1.5 Cement Mixing—Test Method D6935.
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published July 2020. Originally approved
5.1.6 Sieve Test—Test Method D6933.
in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D977 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/
D0977-20.
5.1.7 Distillation—Test Method D6997.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.8 Tests on Residue from Distillation—Test Methods
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D244.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1.8.1 Penetration—Test Method D5/D5M.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D977−20
2
TABLE 1 Requirements for Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—QS-1h emulsions shall meet the requirements outlined in Practices D3910.
NOTE 2—QS-1h is used for quick-set slurry seal systems.
NOTE 3—For viscosity, specify either Test Method D7226 or D7496.
NOTE 4—Specify either ash content (Test Method D8078) or solubility tests (Test Method D2042 or D7553).
Rapid-Setting Medium-Setting
Type
RS-1 RS-2 HFRS-2 MS-1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D977 − 19a D977 − 20
Standard Specification for
1
Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—The headings in Table 1 were corrected editorially in December 2019.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers 13 grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene
D3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of Emulsified Asphalts
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified Asphalts (Sieve Test)
D6935 Test Method for Determining Cement Mixing of Emulsified Asphalt
D6936 Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emulsified Asphalt
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
D7226 Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
D7496 Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in N-Propyl Bromide
D8078 Test Method for Ash Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues
3. Requirements
3.1 The emulsified asphalt shall be tested within 14 days of delivery. The emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous after
thorough mixing, provided separation has not been caused by freezing. Emulsified asphalts separated by freezing shall not be
tested.
3.2 Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. Specify the test method to be used. Specify
either Test Method D7226 or D7496.
4. Sampling
4.1 Samples of emulsified asphalt shall be taken in accordance with Practice D140/D140M.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.41 on Emulsified
Asphalt Specifications.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019July 1, 2020. Published November 2019July 2020. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
D977 – 19.D977 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/D0977-19AE01.10.1520/D0977-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D977 − 20
2
TABLE 1 Requirements for Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—QS-1h emulsions shall meet the requirements outlined in Practices D3910.
NOTE 2—QS-1h is used for quick-set slurry seal systems.
NOTE 3—For viscosity, specify either Test Method D7226 or D7496.
NOTE 4—Specify either ash content (Test Method D8078) or solubility tests (Test Method D2042 or D7553).
Rapid-Setting Medium-Setting
Type
RS-1 RS-2 HFRS-2 MS-1 MS-2 MS-2h
Grade min max min max min max min max min max min max
Tests on Emulsions:
Tests on Emulsified Asphalts:
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 25 °C SFS 20 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 100 100 . . . 100 . . .
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 50 °C SFS . . . . . . 75 400 75 400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Viscosity, Rotational Paddle at 25 °C, mPa s 45 220 . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 220 220 . . . 220 . . .
Viscosity, Rotational Paddle at 50
...

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SCOPE
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Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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ASTM
ASTM D7944-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Recovery of Emulsified Asphalt Residue Using a Vacuum Oven

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice can be used to obtain residues of emulsified asphalts. The residue may be used for further testing.  
4.2 As approximately 5 g of residue is typically obtained, limited testing is possible.
Note 1: Rheological characterization as described in Test Methods D7175 and D7405 are suitable test methods. Additional test methods are being developed suited to the small amounts of residue obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is suitable for recovery of the residue of emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. Asphalt base may be pre-modified with polymeric modifiers or latex polymer modifiers may be incorporated into the emulsified asphalt through co-milling or post emulsified asphalt production blending.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1188/D1188M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Coated Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful in calculating percent air voids as given in Test Method D3203/D3203M. Since specific gravity has no units, it must be converted to density when this type of measurement is required. This conversion is made by multiplying the specific gravity at a given temperature by the density of water at the same temperature.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted asphalt mixtures.  
1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2.0 % of water by volume, or both.
Note 1: A method for calculating the percent water absorbed by the specimen on a volume basis is described in Test Method D2726/D2726M.  
1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted asphalt mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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