ASTM D2996-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2996 − 17 D2996 − 23
Standard Specification for
Filament-Wound “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers machine-made reinforced thermosetting resin pressure pipe (RTRP) manufactured by the filament
winding process up to 60 in. nominal size. Included are a classification system and requirements for materials, mechanical
properties, dimensions, performance, methods of test, and marking.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—The term “fiberglass pipe” as described in Section 3 of this specification applies to both reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) and
reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP). This specification covers only reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP).
NOTE 2—This specification is applicable to RTRP where the ratio of outside diameter to wall thickness is 10:1 or more.
NOTE 3—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
NOTE 3—This specification is applicable to RTRP where the ratio of outside diameter to wall thickness is 10:1 or more.
NOTE 4—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Plastic
Thermosetting Resin Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2023. Published August 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20152017 as
D2996 – 15.D2996 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D2996-17.10.1520/D2996-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2996 − 23
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
D1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D2105 Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and
Tube
D2143 Test Method for Cyclic Pressure Strength of Reinforced, Thermosetting Plastic Pipe
D2310 Classification for Machine-Made “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe (Withdrawn 2017)
D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
D2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure Design Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe and Fittings
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 and F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with
Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated. The abbreviation for reinforced thermosetting resin pipe is RTRP.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 coating—a resin layer, with or without filler or reinforcement, or both, applied to the exterior surface of the pipe structural
wall.
3.2.2 fiberglass pipe—a tubular product containing glass-fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured thermosetting
resin; the composite structure may contain aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pigments, or dyes;
thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or coatings may be included.
3.2.3 filament winding—a process used to manufacture tubular goods by winding continuous fibrous glass strand roving, or roving
tape, saturated with liquid resin or preimpregnated with partially cured resin (subsequent heating may be required to polymerize
the resin system) onto the outside of a mandrel in a predetermined pattern under controlled tension; the inside diameter (ID) of
the pipe is fixed by the mandrel outside diameter and the outside diameter (OD) of the pipe is determined by the amount of material
that is wound on the mandrel.
3.2.4 liner—the inner portion of the wall at least 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) in thickness, as determined in 8.3.2, which does not
contribute to the strength in the determination of the hydrostatic design basis.
3.2.5 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP)—a fiberglass pipe with aggregate.
3.2.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)—a fiberglass pipe without aggregate.
3.2.7 reinforced wall thickness—the total wall thickness minus the liner or exterior coating thickness, or both.
4. Classification
4.1 General—Pipe meeting this specification is classified by type, grade, class, and hydrostatic design basis in accordance with
Classification D2310and by a secondary cell classification system that defines the basic mechanical properties of the pipe. These
types, grades, classes, hydrostatic design basis categories, and cell classification designations are as follows:
4.1.1 Types:—Type 1
Filament wound.
4.1.2 Grades:—Grade 1
Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin pipe.
Grade 2—Glass fiber reinforced polyester resin pipe.
Grade 7—Glass fiber reinforced furan resin pipe.
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4.1.3 Classes:—Class A
No liner.
Class B—Polyester resin liner (nonreinforced).
Class C—Epoxy resin liner (nonreinforced).
Class E—Polyester resin liner (reinforced).
Class F—Epoxy resin liner (reinforced).
Class H—Thermoplastic resin liner (specify).
Class I—Furan resin liner (reinforced).
4.1.4 Hydrostatic Design Basis—Two methods of classifying the hydrostatic design basis of the pipe are provided. Pipe meeting
this specification shall be classified using either the cyclic test method or the static test method, or both, and the designations as
shown in Table 1. Appendix X1 explains how these design basis categories are to be used.
4.1.4.1 For pipe subjected to axial or end loads, the effect of these loads shall be represented in the HDB testing. In the designation
code, the numeral 1 shall immediately follow the HDB letter class if free-end type closures were used and the numeral 2 shall
immediately follow the HDB letter class if restrained-end type closures were used to establish the HDB.
4.1.5 Mechanical Properties—Table 2 presents a cell classification system for identifying the mechanical properties of pipe
covered by this specification.
NOTE 5—For the purposes of this classification, polyester resins shall include vinylester resins, but the purchaser should consult with the manufacturer
to determine which resin is applicable for the specific conditions in which the pipe will be used.
NOTE 6—All possible combinations covered by the above classification system may not be commercially available.
4.1.6 Designation Code—The pipe designation code shall consist of the abbreviation RTRP, followed by the type and grade in
Arabic numerals, the class and static or cyclic HDB level in capital letters, the type of end closure used, and four Arabic numbers
identifying, respectively, the cell classification designations of the short-term rupture strength, longitudinal tensile strength,
longitudinal tensile modulus, and pipe stiffness.
Example: RTRP-11FA1-1334. Such a designation would describe a filament-wound, glass-fiber reinforced, epoxy pipe having
a reinforced epoxy liner; a cyclic pressure strength exceeding 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) using free-end closures; a short-term rupture
strength exceeding 10 000 psi (68.9 MPa); a longitudinal tensile strength exceeding 25 000 psi (172 MPa); a longitudinal tensile
6 3
modulus exceeding 3 × 10 psi (20.7 × 10 MPa); and a pipe stiffness exceeding 36 psi (248 kPa).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 General—The resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers, and other materials, when combined as a composite structure, shall
produce a pipe that shall meet the performance requirements of this specification.
6. Physical Requirements
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe shall be free of all defects including indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, foreign
inclusions, and resin-starved areas which, due to their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength and serviceability
TABLE 1 Hydrostatic Design Basis Categories
Cyclic Test Method Static Test Method
Hoop Stress, psi Hoop Stress, psi
Designation (MPa) Designation (MPa)
A 2 500 (17.2) Q 5 000 (34.5)
B 3 150 (21.7) R 6 300 (43.4)
C 4 000 (27.6) S 8 000 (55.2)
D 5 000 (34.5) T 10 000 (68.9)
E 6 300 (43.4) U 12 500 (86.2)
F 8 000 (55.2) W 16 000 (110)
G 10 000 (68.9) X 20 000 (138)
H 12 500 (86.2) Y 25 000 (172)
Z 31 500 (217)
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TABLE 2 Physical Property Requirements
Cell Limits
Designation
Order Number Mechanical Property 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Short-term rupture strength hoop . . . 10 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000
tensile stress, min, psi
(MPa) . . . (68.9) (207) (276) (345) (414) (483)
2 Longitudinal tensile strength min, . . . 8000 15 000 25 000 35 000 45 000 55 000
psi
(MPa) . . . (55.2) (103) (172) (241) (310) (379)
3 Longitudinal tensile modulus, . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6
min, psi × 10
(MPa) . . . (6900) (13 000) (20 700) (27 600) (34 500) (41 400)
4 Pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection, . . . 5 9 18 36 72 144
min, psi
(kPa) . . . (34) (62) (124) (248) (496) (993)
of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform as commercially practicable in color, opacity, and other physical properties. The pipe shall
be round and straight and the bore of the pipe shall be smooth and uniform. All pipe ends shall be cut at right angles to the axis
of the pipe and any sharp edges removed.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
6.2.1 Inside and Outside Diameter—The inside and outside diameter and tolerances of pipe meeting these specifications shall
conform to the requirements in one of the Tables 3-6, when determined in accordance with 8.3.1.
6.2.2 Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thickness of pipe furnished under this specification shall not at any point be less than
87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness published in the manufacturer’s literature current at the time of purchase when measured in
accordance with 8.3.1.
6.3 Performance—Pipe meeting this specification shall be categorized by a long-term static or cyclic hydrostatic design basis as
shown in Table 1 when tested in accordance with 8.4 or 8.5. Additionally, the pipe shall meet the applicable cell limit requirements
for short-term rupture strength, longitudinal tensile strength, longitudinal tensile modulus, and apparent stiffness factor as described
in Table 2 when tested in accordance with 8.6 through 8.8.
TABLE 3 Dimensions and Tolerances for Outside Diameter (OD)
Series Pipe with Steel-Pipe-Equivalent (Iron Pipe Size)
Nominal Pipe Size, in. in. (mm)
1 1.315 + 0.060 33.40 + 1.52
−0.016 −0.41
1 ⁄2 1.900 + 0.060 48.26 + 1.52
...