ASTM F3193-16

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3193 − 16
Standard Guide for
Training of a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7.1 Mountainous Terrain—Search and Rescue Team
Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guides F3027 or
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training
F3028;
requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills,
1.7.2 Alpine Terrain—Search and Rescue Team Leaders
and abilities, for personnel who lead land search and rescue
shall meet the requirements of Guide F3028;
teams.
1.7.3 Mountainous Operations—Search and Rescue Team
1.2 LandSearchandRescueTeamLeadersdirectsearchand
Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guide F3175;
rescue teams on the surface of the land only, including urban or
1.7.4 ATV-ROHV Operations—Search and Rescue Team
disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting
Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guide F3175;
infrastructure.
1.7.5 Rope Rescue Operations—Search and Rescue Team
Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guides F2954 or
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training
F2955.
required for conducting rescues in partially or fully collapsed
structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground
1.8 Search and Rescue Team Leaders supervising Mounted
(such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountainous
Teams shall also meet the requirements of Guide F2794.
terrain.
1.9 Further training may be required before a Land Search
1.4 Personnel trained to this guide alone are qualified to
and Rescue Team Leader can supervise a particular team,
conduct or lead search and rescue operations on non-technical
depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the
terrain.
authority having jurisdiction.
1.5 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
direct rope rescues. No knots, rope work, or high angle or low safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
angle rescue skills are included in this guide.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.5.1 The minimum training required for rope rescue can be priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
found in Guides F2752, F2954, and F2955.
1.5.2 Personnel trained to this standard and having a Rope
2. Referenced Documents
Rescuer Endorsement (Guides F2752, F2954, F2955) are
qualifiedtosuperviseroperescueteamsofequallevelorlower.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1591 Practice for Visual Signals Between Persons on the
1.6 ALand Search and Rescue Team Leader can be utilized
Ground and in Aircraft During Ground Emergencies
as a team leader for land search or rescue teams, a single
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search
resource, or a support person for a canine search team.
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
1.7 Land Search and Rescue Team Leaders are eligible to
Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
superviseLandSearch,LandRescue,LandSearchandRescue,
F1993 Classification System of Human Search and Rescue
and Untrained teams or crews as defined in Classification
Resources
F1993 for non-wilderness and wilderness operations. In addi-
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
tion to meeting the requirements of this guide, Search and
F2685 Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader
RescueTeam Leaders shall have the identified endorsement for
(STL)
the reason identified:
F2751 Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue
Team Member
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Training and Education. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F3193-16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3193 − 16
F2752 Guide for Training for Level I Rope Rescue (R1) remoteness of the patient’s location, such that it causes a delay
Rescuer Endorsement in the delivery of care to the patient; or lack of adequate
F2794 Guide for Level 1 (Basic) Mounted Search and medical supplies, equipment, or transportation.
Rescue (MSAR) Responder
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, see
F2954 Guide for Training for Level II Rope Rescue (R2)
GuideF1633,TerminologyF1773,ClassificationF1993,Guide
Rescuer Endorsement
F2209, and other references within this guide.
F2955 Guide for Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3)
Rescuer Endorsement
4. Significance and Use
F3027 Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Moun-
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills,
tainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)
and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land
F3028 Guide for Training of Search and Rescue Personnel
Search and Rescue Team Leader. No other skills are included
Operating in the Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorse-
or implied.
ment)
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and
(PTB)
Rescue Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this
F3175 Guide for Training and Equipping Search and Rescue
guide.
Personnel Operating on Mountain Bikes (Mountain Bike
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations,
SAR Endorsement)
and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the
F3194 Guide for Training for Personnel Operating Small
minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue
Land Off Road Vehicles (ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsement)
Team Leader.
2.2 Other Document:
4.3.1 Though this guide establishes the minimum training
NWCG PMS 307 Work Capacity Testing for Wildland
required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader, it does
Firefighters
not imply that a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader is a
3. Terminology
“trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an
AHJ.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.3.2 Determining the requirements and qualifications for
3.1.1 high angle terrain, n—a tract of land with an average
team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.
slope greater than 50° from horizontal.
4.3.3 TheAHJshalldeterminethedepthordetailoftraining
3.1.2 land rescue team, n—an organized group of people
required to meet these needs.
who perform rescue on the surface of the earth without the use
4.3.4 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from
of ropes.
requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its
3.1.3 low angle terrain, n—a tract of land with an average
members.
slope of 30 to 50° from horizontal.
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or
3.1.4 non-technical terrain, n—a tract of land characterized
training program to determine if its content includes the topics
by minimal slopes and little variation in elevation, where a
necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search
person is able to move safely and effectively on two feet,
and Rescue Team Leader.
without handholds, and without the need for a belay.
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an
3.1.5 qualified supervisor, n—an individual with demon-
outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land
strated knowledge or competence in a task, to whom the AHJ
Search and Rescue Team Leader.
has granted the authority to observe and oversee an individual
performing that task.
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with
3.1.6 rescue, n—an operation to retrieve persons in distress,
the referenced documents to provide specific information
provide for their initial medical or other needs, and deliver
needed by a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader or AHJ.
them to a place of safety.
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other
3.1.7 technical terrain, n—a tract of land characterized by
document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics
significant variation in elevation, where a person is not able to
for training an Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.
move safely and effectively on two feet without handholds and
Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing
a belay.
training program to see if it meets the requirements in this
3.1.8 wilderness, n—a setting in which the delivery of guide.
patient care by SAR personnel is adversely affected by logis-
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the
tical complications, such as : an environment that is physically
following sections are not in any particular order and do not
stressful or hazardous to the patient, SAR personnel, or both;
represent a training sequence.
4.9 ALand Search and RescueTeam Leader shall document
http://www.nwcg.gov/pms/pubs/newshelt/workcaptest_lo.pdf
his or her training by completion of a position task book,
Definition from the “National Search and Rescue Plan of the United States
compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under
(NSP) 2007” http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/manuals/Natl_SAR_
Plan%282007%29.pdf qualified supervision.
F3193 − 16
4.10 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a 8.1.1 Team leader responsibilities;
skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as 8.1.2 Handling team deficiencies in the field, such as lack of
often as required by the AHJ. equipment;
8.1.3 The concept of Situational Awareness and its impor-
4.11 Except where a physical s
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