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ASTM D41-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing

Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphaltic primer suitable for use with asphalt in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, metal, and asphalt surfaces. Asphalt primer shall be classified as Type I and Type II. To determine the properties of the asphalt primer, the following test methods shall be performed: furol viscosity; distillation; penetration; and matter soluble in trichloroethylene.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphaltic primer suitable for use with asphalt in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, metal, and asphalt surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2005
ICS
91.060.20 - Roofs
Technical Committee
D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
Drafting Committee
D08.05 - Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D41-94(2000)e1 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
Effective Date
01-Feb-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D41/D41M-11 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7693/D7693M-15 - Standard Guide for Application of Heat Weldable Modified Bituminous Waterproofing Membranes Systems for New Concrete Decks
Effective Date
01-Feb-2005

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ASTM D41-05 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and WaterproofingASTM D41-05 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
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ASTM D41-05 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
American Association State
Designation: D41 – 05 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M116
Standard Specification for
Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and
1
Waterproofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D41; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Physical Requirements
1.1 This specification covers asphaltic primer suitable for 4.1 The primer shall conform to the following requirements:
use with asphalt in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing
Water, Vol %, max, Type I and Type II 0.5
Saybolt Furol viscosity at 25°C (77°F), Type I 25 to 125 s
below or above ground level, for application to concrete,
Saybolt Furol viscosity at 25°C (77°F), Type II 120 to 800 s
masonry, metal, and asphalt surfaces.
Distillation, volume % of the primer:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Up to 225°C (437°F), Type I not less than 35
Up to 360°C (680°F), Type I not more than 65
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Up to 225°C (437°F), Type II not less than 30
only.
Up to 360°C (680°F), Type II not more than 60
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The residue obtained from the distillation up to 360°C
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(680°F) shall conform to the following requirements:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Penetration at 25°C (77°F), 100 g, 5 s 20 to 50
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Matter soluble in trichloroethylene not less than 99 %
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Sampling
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 From each shipment or fraction thereof representing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
primer of the same kind, select a number of packages at
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
random equivalent to the cube root of the total number of
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
packages in the lot. If the cube root as calculated proves to be
D402 Test Method for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic
a fractional number, it shall be expressed as the next higher
(Bituminous) Products
whole number. For convenience, the following table is given,
D6511 Test Methods for Solvent Bearing Bituminous Com-
showing the number of samples to be selected for shipments of
pounds
various sizes:
Packages in Shipment Packages Selected
3. Classification
2to8 2
3.1 Type I is characterized as an Asphalt Primer with a 9to27 3
28 to 64 4
generally higher solvent-to-asphalt ratio.
65 to 125 5
3.2 Type II is characterized as an Asphalt Primer with a
126 to 216 6
217 to 343 7
lesser solvent-to-asphalt ratio than Type I.
344 to 512 8
513 to 729 9
730 to 1000 10
1 1001 to 1331 11
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05
5.2 By means of a paddle, thoroughly stir the contents of
on Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing.
each package selected so as to bring all portions thereof into
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published Fe
...

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5.1 The solar reflectance of a building envelope surface affects surface temperature and near-surface ambient air temperature. Surfaces with low solar reflectance absorb a high fraction of the incoming solar energy. Sunlight absorbed by a roof or by other building envelope surfaces can be conducted into the building, increasing cooling load and decreasing heating load in a conditioned building, or raising indoor temperature in an unconditioned building. It can also warm the outside air by convection. Determination of solar reflectance can help designers and consumers choose appropriate materials for their buildings and communities.  
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1.1 Practice D7897 applies to simulation of the effects of field exposure on the solar reflectance and thermal emittance of roof surface materials including but not limited to field-applied coatings, factory-applied coatings, single-ply membranes, modified bitumen products, shingles, tiles, and metal products. The solar reflectance and thermal emittance of roof surfacing materials can be changed by exposure to the outdoor environment. These changes are caused by three factors: deposition and retention of airborne pollutants, microbiological growth, and changes in physical or chemical properties. This practice applies to simulation of changes in solar reflectance and thermal emittance induced by deposition and retention of airborne pollutants and, to a limited extent, changes caused by microbiological growth.  
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1.1 This specification covers asphaltic primer suitable for use with asphalt in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, metal, and asphalt surfaces.  
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ASTM D6382/D6382M-99(2022)(Practice)
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5.1 Dynamic mechanical analysis provides a measure of the rheological properties of roofing and waterproofing membrane materials.  
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1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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Standard Practice for Moisture Surveying of Roofing and Waterproofing Systems Using Nondestructive Electrical Impedance Scanners

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5.1 Excess moisture trapped in roofing or waterproofing systems can adversely affect performance and lead to premature failure of roofing or waterproofing systems and its components. It also reduces thermal resistance, resulting in reduced energy efficiency and inflated energy costs. Impedance scans can be effective in identifying concealed and entrapped moisture within roofing or waterproofing systems.  
5.2 This practice is intended to be used at various stages of the roofing and waterproofing system’s life such as: during or at completion of installation of roofing or waterproofing system to determine if there was moisture intrusion into the roofing or waterproofing system or underlying materials; at regular intervals as part of a preventative maintenance program; and to aid in condition assessment, or before replacement or repair work, or combinations thereof, to assist in determining the extent of work and replacement materials.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to techniques that use nondestructive electrical impedance (EI) scanners to locate moisture and evaluate the comparative moisture content within insulated low-slope roofing and waterproofing systems.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems wherein insulation is placed above the deck and positioned underneath and in contact with electrically nonconductive single-ply or built-up roofing and waterproofing membranes and systems such as coal tar, asphalt, modified bitumen, thermoplastics, spray polyurethane foam, and similar electrically nonconductive membrane materials. This practice is also applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems without insulation placed above moisture absorbing decks such as wood, concrete, or gypsum, that are in contact with single-ply or built-up roofing and waterproofing membranes as described above.  
1.3 This practice is applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems incorporating electrically nonconductive rigid board insulation made from materials such as organic fibers, perlite, cork, fiberglass, wood-fiber, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, phenolic foam, composite boards, gypsum substrate boards, and other electrically nonconductive roofing and waterproofing systems such as spray-applied polyurethane foam.  
1.4 This practice is not appropriate for all combinations of materials used in roofing and waterproofing systems.  
1.4.1 Metal and other electrically conductive surface coverings and near-surface embedded metallic components are not suitable for surveying with impedance scanners because of the electrical conductivity of these materials.  
1.4.2 This practice is not appropriate for use with black EPDM, any membranes containing black EPDM, or black EPDM coatings because black EPDM gives false positive readings.  
1.4.3 Aluminum foil on top-faced insulation, roofing, or waterproofing membranes gives a false positive reading and is not suitable for surveying with impedance scanners; however, liquid-applied aluminum pigmented emulsified asphalt-based coatings shall not normally affect impedance scanner readings.
1.4.3.1 This practice is not appropriate for use with aluminium foil faced modified bitumen membranes, as the electrical conductivity of the aluminium foil surface can give false positive readings.  
1.4.4 While their overburden remains in place, this practice is not appropriate for use with inverted roof membrane assemblies (IRMAs) or protected roof assemblies (PRMAs), which contain above the deck waterproof membrane and overburden that may include insulation, drainage components, pavers, aggregate, ballast, vegetation, or combinations thereof, because the impedance scanner will not differentiate between above and below the membrane moisture.  
1.4.5 S...

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ASTM D8257/D8257M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Mechanically Attached Polymeric Roof Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing

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1.1 This specification addresses mechanically attached polymeric roof underlayment used in steep slope roofing.  
1.2 The objective of this specification is to provide a finished product that will be used as a water-shedding underlayment layer on steep sloped roofs prior to and after installation of the primary roof covering.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6383/D6383M-99(2021)(Practice)
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5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of seams of EPDM membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.
Note 1: Table 1 is based on the results of an industry government consortium study on creep-rupture resistance (time-to-failure) of EPDM adhesive joints.4,5 Referral to Footnotes 4 and 5 provides typical time-to-failure data, developed under the conditions in Table 1, for EPDM joints fabricated in the laboratory with non-reinforced EPDM roof membrane material, butyl-based tapes, and liquid adhesives. It is noted that the peel load specified in this practice is 9.8 N [2.2 lbf]. The peel load under which the tests described in Footnotes 4 and 5 were conducted was 9.3 N [2.1 lbf]. A load of 9.8 N [2.2 lbf] corresponds to 1 kgf [2.2 lbf], and dead weights of 1-kg [2.2-lbm] mass are available through laboratory equipment supply houses. Similarly, a load of 29.4 N [6.6 lbf] corresponds to a dead weight of 3-kg [6.6-lbm] mass.  
5.2 Time-to-failure tests complement other mechanical tests such as strength for characterizing joints of EPDM roof membranes, and can be incorporated in specifications for adhesives for joining EPDM roof membrane material.  
5.3 This practice, which is specific to EPDM joints, complements Test Method D5405/D5405M that provides general requirements for the preparation and creep-rupture testing of joints fabricated from any nonbituminous organic roof membrane material.  
5.4 Laboratory experience in conducting time-to-failure tests of joints EPDM roof membranes has shown that specimens are less creep-resistant under peel loading than under shear loading. Consequently, the majority of the tests stipulated in this practice are performed under peel loading.  
5.5 This practice does not develop time-to-failure data on all environmental conditions to which EPDM adhesive seams can be subjec...
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1.1 This practice covers sample preparation temperatures, test parameters, and specimen exposure conditions that are applicable when Test Method D5405/D5405M is used for conducting time-to-failure (creep-rupture) tests of adhesive joints fabricated from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) roof membrane material.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to joints fabricated in the laboratory from EPDM roof membrane materials and adhesives received from suppliers, and to joints prepared from EPDM seams sampled from field installations.  
1.3 The joints are bonded using preformed tape or liquid-based adhesives, and EPDM roof membrane materials that are non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, and fabric backed. Primers are also used as recommended for the specific adhesive.  
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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