ASTM D3715/D3715M-98(2004)

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Designation: D3715/D3715M – 98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Quality Assurance of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3715/D3715M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice contains uniform quality assurance provi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
sions for pressure-sensitive tapes and establishes sampling D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
plans and procedures for acceptance inspection. ments
1.2 Limitations: 2.2 ANSI/ASQC Standards:
1.2.1 This practice only includes procedures for when an ANSI/ASQC A2 Terms, Symbols, and Definitions for Ac-
upperoralowerspecificationlimitisgiven.Itdoesnotprovide ceptance Sampling
for double, both minimum and maximum, specification limits. ANSI/ASQC A3 Quality Systems Terminology
ANSI/ASQCQ94 QualityManagementandQualitySystem
NOTE 1—When double specification limits are given (applies to vari-
Elements—Guidelines
ables testing only), use may be made of Table C-3 and Example C-3 of
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for
ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
Inspection by Attributes
1.2.2 The variables sampling plans apply to a single quality
ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling and Tables for Inspection by
characteristic.Havingobtainedthesampleandtheresponsesto
Variables for Percent Defective
the physical property tests, acceptance is determined on one
qualitycharacteristicatatime.Theprocessisrepeatedforeach
3. Terminology
additional characteristic.
3.1 Definitions—General terms in this practice are defined
1.2.3 Thevariablessamplingplansrequirethattheresponse
in Terminology D996,ANSI/ASQCA2, andANSI/ASQCA3.
to each quality characteristic is normally distributed either
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
directlyorbytransformation.Ifthisisnotknown,thepotential
3.2.1 acceptability criterion—the comparison made be-
user of this practice should seek the counsel of someone with
tween a factor, number, or constant found in the sampling plan
sufficientunderstandingofstatisticaltechniquestoprovidethat
and the examination or test result information from a single
information.
qualitycharacteristictodetermineifthelotshouldbeaccepted
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
or rejected. For inspection by attributes the acceptability
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
criterion is a comparison with the acceptability constant found
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
in Table 1.
must be used independently, without combining values in any
3.2.2 acceptable quality level (AQL)—a nominal value
way.
expressed in terms of percent defective or defects per hundred
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
units, whichever is applicable, specified for a given group of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
defects of a product (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging, the ASTM website.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and Labels. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
´1 4
published as D3715–78. Last previous edition D3715–93 . DOI: 10.1520/ AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforQuality(ASQ),310WestWisconsinAve.,
D3715_D3715M-98R04. Milwaukee, WI 53203.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3715/D3715M – 98 (2004)
A
TABLE 1 Sampling Plans for Inspection by Variables (Variability Unknown—Single Specification Limit)
Acceptable Quality Levels (Normal Inspection) Acceptable Quality Levels (Reduced Inspection)
2 2
Lot Size (100-m [yd ] Sample .65 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00 Sample 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00
Units) Size Size
kk k k kk k k k k k k k
1 to 300 3 l ↓ ↓ 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
301 to 500 4 l 0.651 0.598 0.525 0.450 0.364 0.276 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
↓ l
501 to 800 5 0.663 0.614 0.565 0.498 0.431 0.352 0.272 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
801 to 1 300 7 0.613 0.569 0.525 0.465 0.405 0.336 0.266 3 ↓ 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
1 301 to 3 200 10 0.755 0.703 0.650 0.579 0.507 0.424 0.341 4 0.598 0.525 0.450 0.364 0.276 0.176
3 201 to 8 000 15 0.792 0.738 0.684 0.610 0.536 0.452 0.368 5 0.565 0.498 0.431 0.352 0.272 0.184
8 001 to 22 000 25 0.815 0.779 0.723 0.647 0.571 0.484 0.398 7 0.525 0.465 0.405 0.336 0.266 0.189
1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00 15.00
Acceptable Quality Levels (tightened inspection)
A
This table contains information extracted from Tables A-2 (inspection level I), C-1, and C-2 from ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
↓ = Use the first sampling plan below arrow including the larger sample size and the k value.
k = Acceptability constant.
3.2.3 defect—any nonconformance of the unit of product to 3.2.12 inspection lot—a collection of units of product from
specified requirements; it is classified according to its serious- which a sample is drawn and inspected to determine compli-
ness. ance with the acceptability criteria.
3.2.13 material specification—that document covering a
3.2.4 defects per hundred units—of any given quantity of
product or set of products and specifying the parameters that
units of product, is the number of defects contained therein
define the product(s) (see ANSI/ASQC A3).
divided by the total number of units of product, the quotient
3.2.14 percent defective—the number of defective units of
multiplied by one hundred (one or more defects being possible
product contained therein, divided by the total number of
in any unit of product). Expressed as an equation:
product, the quotient multiplied by one hundred (a unit being
numberofdefects 3100
Defectsperhundredunits 5 (1) considered defective if it contains one or more defects).
numberofunitsinspected
Expressed as an equation:
3.2.5 defective unit—a unit of product that contains one or
numberofdefectiveunits 3100
more defects. Percentdefective 5 (2)
numberofunitsinspected
3.2.6 enditem—theactualproductorcommoditybeingsold
3.2.15 quality characteristic—for inspection, that charac-
underthematerialspecification.Itisinitsmostcompleteform
teristic of a unit of product that is actually measured to
and may be either packed for shipping or at a production stage
determine conformance with a given requirement.
just preceding packing. It may or may not be the same as the
3.2.16 specification limit(s)—the requirement that a quality
unit of product defined in 3.2.17.
characteristicshouldmeet.Thisrequirementmaybeexpressed
3.2.7 end-item examination—the inspection of the roll of
as an upper specification limit, or a lower specification limit;
tapeforthosecharacteristicswhichareeithereasilydiscernible
called herein a single specification limit.
by visual inspection or can be simply measured by a hand rule
3.2.17 unit of product—the entity of product inspected in
(such as width).All characteristics of this type are considered
order to determine its measurable quality characteristic. For
as attributes.
this practice the unit of product will usually be a roll of tape.
3.2.8 end-item testing—theinspectionoftheunitofproduct
The unit of product may or may not be the same as the unit of
thatinvolvesmeasurementofphysicalpropertiesonacontinu-
purchase, supply production, or shipment. It is also called
ous scale. All characteristics of this type are considered as
sample unit in this practice.
variables.
3.2.9 inspection—the process of measuring, examining,
4. Significance and Use
testing, gaging, or otherwise comparing the unit of product
4.1 The quality of a tape product is determined by the
with the applicable requirements (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
quality systems of the tape producer, including all processes
3.2.10 inspection by attributes—inspection whereby either
involvedintheengineeringandproductionoftheproduct.Itis
the unit of product is classified simply as defective or non-
recommendedthatappropriatesectionsofANSI/ASQCQ94be
defective or the number of defects in the unit of product is
includedinaproducer’squalitysystems.Thispracticedoesnot
counted, with respect to a given requirement or set of require-
intend to standardize these systems.Aproducer’s reputation, a
ments (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
producer’s certification of conformance, or evidence of a
3.2.11 inspection by variables—inspection wherein a speci- producer’s quality systems are often sufficient to ensure a
fied quality characteristic on a unit of product is measured on purchaser or user of a consistent quality.Acceptance sampling
a continuous scale, such as pounds, inches, feet per second, is useful when an objective basis of contract or specification
etc., and a measurement is recorded (see ANSI/ASQC A2). conformance is desired.
D3715/D3715M – 98 (2004)
4.2 The intention of this practice is to provide a reasonably 5. Procedure
simple document which can be used by both the buyer and
5.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a supplier’s quality
seller of pressure-sensitive tape to determine if the product
control system provides a similar degree of assurance as that
offeredforsalemeetssomepredeterminedspecificationforthe
obtained through the use of this practice, the supplier may use
product.Thispracticeofferstheproceduresfordeterminingthe
that system in place of the system described herein. In case of
size of the sample to be inspected and the criteria for
conflict, the system described in this practice shall be used.
determining whether the lot (amount of material offered for
5.2 Whereapplicable,inspection(examinationortesting)at
sale) should be accepted or rejected. This practice draws from
somepriorstageofmanufacture,forexamplein-processorraw
andisbasedonbothANSI/ASQCZ1.4andANSI/ASQCZ1.9.
material, can be used instead of inspection of the end item.An
4.3 Two forms of sampling plans are included: sampling by
example of this might be the use of the tensile strength test
attributes and sampling by variables. Sampling by attributes is performed at the raw material testing stage rather than on the
used for end-item examination and both are used where end item.
appropriateforend-itemtesting.Samplingbyattributeshasthe
5.3 End-Item Examination:
advantage of simplicity while sampling by variables has the 5.3.1 Sampling:
advantage of costing less for the equivalent assurance of the 5.3.1.1 Lot Size, for the purpose of determining the sample
correctness of decisions.
size, shall be expressed in units of rolls for examination under
5.3.2.1-5.3.2.3 inclusive, and shall consist of all the tape
4.3.1 Sampling plans for inspection by attributes (see Table
material presented for examination at one time. The material
2), should be used for end-item examination (see 5.3).
shallbeofthesametype,class,andcolor,manufacturedbythe
4.3.2 Sampling plans for inspection by variables (see Table
same process, from the same components, at one plant by one
1 and 5.4), should be used for end-item testing except as
manufacturer under the same conditions.
indicated in 5.4.1.2(a).
5.3.1.2 Sample Size—The number of units of product (rolls
4.4 Useofthispracticeassumesthataspecificationdefining
oftape)tobeexaminedshallbefoundinTable2undersample
one or more quality characteristics exists. It is suggested that
size. Use the sampling plans for normal inspection unless
buyerandselleragreeonacceptablequalitylevels(AQL)from
tightened or reduced inspection has been specifically agreed
within the choices shown in the tables of this practice.
upon.
4.5 When conditions warrant switching from normal to
5.3.1.3 The following table illustrates the AQLs that have
tightenedorreducedinspection,theappropriatesamplingplans
commonly been used with the examinations found in 5.3.2.
are available in Table 1 and Table 2. The decision to switch
The graduation follows traditional levels of importance for the
should be agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.When
attributes collected together in the tables given in 5.3.2.1,
lots are rejected under normal inspection it is usual to go to
5.3.2.2, and 5.3.2.3. Table 2 illustrates only these AQLs.
tightened inspection. No change in AQL is made, but the
Examination Paragraph AQL, %
assurance of making the correct decision is improved usually
5.3.2.1 2.5
5.3.2.2 4.0
by the sampling plan calling for a larger sample size. Reduced
5.3.2.3 10.0
inspectionisaswitchfromnormalinspectionmadewhensome
number of lots, usually 10, passes in consecutive order.
5.3.2 Examination—Examine in accordance with the de-
Switching should move from reduced to normal and from fectslistedin5.3.2.1,5.3.2.2and5.3.2.3andAQLssetforthin
normal to tightened or from tightened to normal without the table in 5.3.1.3 when sampled from the shipment. No more
skipping an intermediate step. thantworolls,randomlyselected,shallbedrawnfromanyone
A
TABLE 2 Sampling Plans for Inspection by Attributes
Normal Inspection Tightened Inspection Reduced Inspection
Lot Size in
AQL AQL AQL
Sam- Sam- Sam-
Number of
ple 2.5 4.0 10 ple 2.5 4.0 10 ple 2.5 4.0 10
Rolls
Size Size Size
Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re
2–15 2 |Ch |Co |Ch 2 |Ch |Ch |Ch 2 |Ch |Co |Ch
16–50 3 |Co 0 1 |Co 3 |Ch |Co |Ch 2 |Co 0 1 |Co
51–150 5 0 1 |Cu 1 2 5 |Ch 0 1 |Ch 2 0 1 |Cu 0 2
|Cu |Co |Ch |Co |Cu
151–500 8 |Co 2 3 8 0 1 |Ch 1 2 3 |Co 1 3
501–3200 13 |Co 1 2 3 4 13 |Ch |Co 2 3 5 |Co 0 2 1 4
3201–35 000 20 1 2 2 3 5 6 20 |Ch 1 2 3 4 8 0 2 1 3 2 5
|Co
35 001–500 000 32 2 3 3 4 7 8 32 1 2 2 3 5 6 13 1 3 1 4 3 6
500 001 and over 50 3 4 5 6 10 11 50 2 3 3 4 8 9 20 1 4 2 5 5 8
A
This table is based on Tables I, II-A, II-B, and II-C of ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 using an inspection level of S-3.
|Co = Use first sample plan below arrow. If sample size equals or exceeds lot or batch size, do 100 % inspection.
|Cu = Use first sample plan above arrow.
Ac = Acceptance number.
Re = Rejection number.
...