ASTM D3715/D3715M-98

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Designation: D 3715/D3715M – 98
Standard Practice for
Quality Assurance of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3715/D3715M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI/ASQC Standards:
ANSI/ASQC A2 Terms, Symbols, and Definitions for Ac-
1.1 This practice contains uniform quality assurance provi-
ceptance Sampling
sions for pressure-sensitive tapes and establishes sampling
ANSI/ASQC A3 Quality Systems Terminology
plans and procedures for acceptance inspection.
ANSI/ASQC Q94 Quality Management and Quality System
1.2 Limitations:
Elements—Guidelines
1.2.1 This practice only includes procedures for when an
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for
upper or a lower specification limit is given. It does not provide
Inspection by Attributes
for double, both minimum and maximum, specification limits.
ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling and Tables for Inspection by
NOTE 1—When double specification limits are given (applies to vari-
Variables for Percent Defective
ables testing only), use may be made of Table C-3 and Example C-3 of
ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
3. Terminology
1.2.2 The variables sampling plans apply to a single quality
3.1 Definitions—General terms in this practice are defined
characteristic. Having obtained the sample and the responses to
in Terminology D 996, ANSI/ASQC A2, and ANSI/ASQC A3.
the physical property tests, acceptance is determined on one
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
quality characteristic at a time. The process is repeated for each
3.2.1 acceptability criterion—the comparison made be-
additional characteristic.
tween a factor, number, or constant found in the sampling plan
1.2.3 The variables sampling plans require that the response
and the examination or test result information from a single
to each quality characteristic is normally distributed either
quality characteristic to determine if the lot should be accepted
directly or by transformation. If this is not known, the potential
or rejected. For inspection by attributes the acceptability
user of this practice should seek the counsel of someone with
criterion is a comparison with the acceptability constant found
sufficient understanding of statistical techniques to provide that
in Table 1.
information.
3.2.2 acceptable quality level (AQL)—a nominal value
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
expressed in terms of percent defective or defects per hundred
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
units, whichever is applicable, specified for a given group of
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
defects of a product (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
must be used independently, without combining values in any
3.2.3 defect—any nonconformance of the unit of product to
way.
specified requirements; it is classified according to its serious-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ness.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 defects per hundred units—of any given quantity of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
units of product, is the number of defects contained therein
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
divided by the total number of units of product, the quotient
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
multiplied by one hundred (one or more defects being possible
in any unit of product). Expressed as an equation:
2. Referenced Documents
number of defects 3 100
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Defects per hundred units 5 (1)
number of units inspected
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
2,3
3.2.5 defective unit—a unit of product that contains one or
ments
more defects.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on Packaging,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and Labels. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
e1 4
published as D 3715 – 78. Last previous edition D 3715 – 93 . Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 310 West Wisconsin Ave.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Milwaukee, WI 53203.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3715/D3715M
A
TABLE 1 Sampling Plans for Inspection by Variables (Variability Unknown—Single Specification Limit)
Acceptable Quality Levels (Normal Inspection) Acceptable Quality Levels (Reduced Inspection)
2 2
Lot Size (100-m [yd ] Sample .65 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00 Sample 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00
Units) Size Size
kk k k kk k k k k k k k
1 to 300 3 l ↓ ↓ 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
301 to 500 4 l 0.651 0.598 0.525 0.450 0.364 0.276 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
↓ l
501 to 800 5 0.663 0.614 0.565 0.498 0.431 0.352 0.272 3 l 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
801 to 1 300 7 0.613 0.569 0.525 0.465 0.405 0.336 0.266 3 ↓ 0.587 0.502 0.401 0.296 0.178
1 301 to 3 200 10 0.755 0.703 0.650 0.579 0.507 0.424 0.341 4 0.598 0.525 0.450 0.364 0.276 0.176
3 201 to 8 000 15 0.792 0.738 0.684 0.610 0.536 0.452 0.368 5 0.565 0.498 0.431 0.352 0.272 0.184
8 001 to 22 000 25 0.815 0.779 0.723 0.647 0.571 0.484 0.398 7 0.525 0.465 0.405 0.336 0.266 0.189
1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00 15.00
Acceptable Quality Levels (tightened inspection)
A
This table contains information extracted from Tables A-2 (inspection level I), C-1, and C-2 from ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
↓ 5 Use the first sampling plan below arrow including the larger sample size and the k value.
k 5 Acceptability constant.
3.2.6 end item—the actual product or commodity being sold 3.2.15 quality characteristic—for inspection, that charac-
under the material specification. It is in its most complete form teristic of a unit of product that is actually measured to
and may be either packed for shipping or at a production stage determine conformance with a given requirement.
just preceding packing. It may or may not be the same as the
3.2.16 specification limit(s)—the requirement that a quality
unit of product defined in 3.2.17. characteristic should meet. This requirement may be expressed
3.2.7 end-item examination—the inspection of the roll of as an upper specification limit, or a lower specification limit;
tape for those characteristics which are either easily discernible called herein a single specification limit.
by visual inspection or can be simply measured by a hand rule
3.2.17 unit of product—the entity of product inspected in
(such as width). All characteristics of this type are considered
order to determine its measurable quality characteristic. For
as attributes.
this practice the unit of product will usually be a roll of tape.
3.2.8 end-item testing—the inspection of the unit of product The unit of product may or may not be the same as the unit of
that involves measurement of physical properties on a continu-
purchase, supply production, or shipment. It is also called
ous scale. All characteristics of this type are considered as sample unit in this practice.
variables.
3.2.9 inspection—the process of measuring, examining,
4. Significance and Use
testing, gaging, or otherwise comparing the unit of product
4.1 The quality of a tape product is determined by the
with the applicable requirements (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
quality systems of the tape producer, including all processes
3.2.10 inspection by attributes—inspection whereby either
involved in the engineering and production of the product. It is
the unit of product is classified simply as defective or non-
recommended that appropriate sections of ANSI/ASQC Q94 be
defective or the number of defects in the unit of product is
included in a producer’s quality systems. This practice does not
counted, with respect to a given requirement or set of require-
intend to standardize these systems. A producer’s reputation, a
ments (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
producer’s certification of conformance, or evidence of a
3.2.11 inspection by variables—inspection wherein a speci-
producer’s quality systems are often sufficient to ensure a
fied quality characteristic on a unit of product is measured on
purchaser or user of a consistent quality. Acceptance sampling
a continuous scale, such as pounds, inches, feet per second,
is useful when an objective basis of contract or specification
etc., and a measurement is recorded (see ANSI/ASQC A2).
conformance is desired.
3.2.12 inspection lot—a collection of units of product from
4.2 The intention of this practice is to provide a reasonably
which a sample is drawn and inspected to determine compli-
simple document which can be used by both the buyer and
ance with the acceptability criteria.
seller of pressure-sensitive tape to determine if the product
3.2.13 material specification—that document covering a
offered for sale meets some predetermined specification for the
product or set of products and specifying the parameters that
product. This practice offers the procedures for determining the
define the product(s) (see ANSI/ASQC A3).
size of the sample to be inspected and the criteria for
3.2.14 percent defective—the number of defective units of
determining whether the lot (amount of material offered for
product contained therein, divided by the total number of
sale) should be accepted or rejected. This practice draws from
product, the quotient multiplied by one hundred (a unit being
and is based on both ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 and ANSI/ASQC Z1.9.
considered defective if it contains one or more defects).
4.3 Two forms of sampling plans are included: sampling by
Expressed as an equation:
attributes and sampling by variables. Sampling by attributes is
number of defective units 3 100 used for end-item examination and both are used where
Percent defective 5 (2)
number of units inspected appropriate for end-item testing. Sampling by attributes has the
D 3715/D3715M
advantage of simplicity while sampling by variables has the 5.3.1.1 Lot Size, for the purpose of determining the sample
advantage of costing less for the equivalent assurance of the size, shall be expressed in units of rolls for examination under
correctness of decisions. 5.3.2.1-5.3.2.3 inclusive, and shall consist of all the tape
4.3.1 Sampling plans for inspection by attributes (see Table material presented for examination at one time. The material
2), should be used for end-item examination (see 5.3).
shall be of the same type, class, and color, manufactured by the
4.3.2 Sampling plans for inspection by variables (see Table same process, from the same components, at one plant by one
1 and 5.4), should be used for end-item testing except as
manufacturer under the same conditions.
indicated in 5.4.1.2(a).
5.3.1.2 Sample Size—The number of units of product (rolls
4.4 Use of this practice assumes that a specification defining
of tape) to be examined shall be found in Table 2 under sample
one or more quality characteristics exists. It is suggested that
size. Use the sampling plans for normal inspection unless
buyer and seller agree on acceptable quality levels (AQL) from
tightened or reduced inspection has been specifically agreed
within the choices shown in the tables of this practice.
upon.
4.5 When conditions warrant switching from normal to
5.3.1.3 The following table illustrates the AQLs that have
tightened or reduced inspection, the appropriate sampling plans
commonly been used with the examinations found in 5.3.2.
are available in Table 1 and Table 2. The decision to switch
The graduation follows traditional levels of importance for the
should be agreed upon between the buyer and the seller. When
attributes collected together in the tables given in 5.3.2.1,
lots are rejected under normal inspection it is usual to go to
5.3.2.2, and 5.3.2.3. Table 2 illustrates only these AQLs.
tightened inspection. No change in AQL is made, but the
Examination Paragraph AQL, %
assurance of making the correct decision is improved usually
5.3.2.1 2.5
by the sampling plan calling for a larger sample size. Reduced
5.3.2.2 4.0
5.3.2.3 10.0
inspection is a switch from normal inspection made when some
number of lots, usually 10, passes in consecutive order.
5.3.2 Examination—Examine in accordance with the de-
Switching should move from reduced to normal and from
fects listed in 5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.2.3 and AQLs set forth in
normal to tightened or from tightened to normal without
the table in 5.3.1.3 when sampled from the shipment. No more
skipping an intermediate step.
than two rolls, randomly selected, shall be drawn from any one
shipping container from each lot of material for each type and
5. Procedure
color of tape offered for inspection for visual and dimensional
5.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a supplier’s quality
characteristics.
control system provides a similar degree of assurance as that
NOTE 2—The same rolls of tape shall be used for examination under
obtained through the use of this practice, the supplier may use
5.3.2.1-5.3.2.3 inclusive, and these examinations should be made concur-
that system in place of the system described herein. In case of
rently.
conflict, the system described in this practice shall be used.
5.2 Where applicable, inspection (examination or testing) at
5.3.2.1 Major Defects—The sample unit for this examina-
some prior stage of manufacture, for example in-process or raw
tion shall be one roll.
material, can be used instead of inspection of the end item. An
Examine Major Defect
example of this might be the use of the tensile strength test Form Not type, class, or grade specified.
Adhesive side not wound on inside of roll, unless other-
performed at the raw material testing stage rather than on the
wise specified.
end item.
Backing Not colored or transparent, as specified.
5.3 End-Item Examination: Tape does not consist of the specified backing (if one is
specified).
5.3.1 Sampling:
A
TABLE 2 Sampling Plans for Inspection by Attributes
Normal Inspection Tightened Inspection Reduced Inspection
Lot Size in
AQL AQL AQL
Sam- Sam- Sam-
Number of
ple 2.5 4.0 10 ple 2.5 4.0 10 ple 2.5 4.0 10
Rolls
Size Size Size
Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re
2–15 2 |Ch |Co |Ch 2 |Ch |Ch |Ch 2 |Ch |Co |Ch
16–50 3 |Co 0 1 |Co 3 |Ch |Co |Ch 2 |Co 0 1 |Co
51–150 5 0 1 |Cu 1 2 5 |C
...