ASTM D5275-92(1998)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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e1
Designation: D 5275 – 92 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer
Containing Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5275; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in January 1998.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method measures the percent viscosity loss at 3.1 The polymer-containing fluid is passed through a diesel
100°C of polymer-containing fluids using fuel injector shear injector nozzle at a shear rate that causes the less shear stable
stability test (FISST) equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer molecules to degrade. The resultant degradation
polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle. reduces the kinematic viscosity of the fluid under test. The
reduction in kinematic viscosity, reported as percent loss of the
NOTE 1—Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation of
initial kinematic viscosity, is a measure of the shear stability of
this property. It has many of the same limitations as indicated in the
the polymer-containing fluid.
significance statement. No detailed attempt has been undertaken to
correlate the results by the sonic and the diesel injector methods.
4. Significance and Use
Equipment and replacement parts are no longer available for Test Method
D 2603 as it is currently written. The test method is currently under
4.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss for
revision.
polymer-containing fluids resulting from polymer degradation
NOTE 2—This test method was originally published as Procedure B of
in the high shear nozzle device. Minimum interference from
Test Methods D 3945. The FISST method was made a separate test
thermal or oxidative effects are anticipated.
method after tests of a series of polymer-containing fluids showed that
4.2 This test method is not intended to predict viscosity loss
Procedures A and B of Test Methods D 3945 often give different results.
in field service for different polymer classes or for different
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the
field equipment. Some correlation for a specific polymer type
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
in specific field equipment can be possible.
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concernss, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The apparatus consists of two fluid reservoirs, a single-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
plunger diesel fuel injection pump with an electric motor drive,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a pintle-type fuel injection nozzle installed in a nozzle holder,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
and instrumentation for automatic operation. Annex A1 con-
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
tains a more complete description of the apparatus.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Reference Fluids
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Diesel fuel is required for adjusting the nozzle valve
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
assembly to the prescribed valve opening pressure.
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
6.2 Calibration fluid TL-11074 is used to verify that the
Viscosity)
shearing severity of the apparatus is within the prescribed
D 2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-
limits.
Containing Oils
D 3945 Test Methods for Shear Stability of Polymer-
7. Precautions
Containing Fluids Using a Diesel Injector Nozzle
7.1 During operation, the line between the pump and the
nozzle holder is under high pressure. The safety shield should
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A suitable source of supply for the entire apparatus and spare parts (injectors)
D02.07.0B on High Temperature Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids. is Falex Corporation, 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554. Complete working
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published October 1992. drawings and specifications may be obtained from ASTM Headquarters. Request
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. PCN 12-439450-12.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Available from Texaco Incorporated, P.O. Box 509, Beacon, NY 12508.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5275
be in place when the apparatus is running. Stop the apparatus 10.2 Flush the apparatus with three separate 100 cm
before tightening any fitting that is not properly sealed. portions of the test oil as described in 10.2.1 and drain. Do not
7.2 During operation and during the setting of the valve use solvent as part of the flush at any time because it could
opening pressure, the fluid is discharged from the nozzle at cause contamination.
high velocity and can inflict a serious wound if it strikes a part 10.2.1 Pour the first 100 cm charge of test oil into the lower
of the human body. Therefore, secure the nozzle assembly in reservoir, (8) in Fig. A1.1, through the funnel (14). Set the
position before the test apparatus is started. Similarly, take care cycle counter for three cycles of the fluid through the nozzle,
to shield the operator from the nozzle discharge during the the pump timer for 15 s and the valve time for 20 s.
pressure-setting step.
NOTE 3—These timer settings have been found satisfactory for all oils
normally tested. The pump time should be sufficient for all oil to be
8. Sampling
pumped through the nozzle and into the upper reservoir, (6) in Fig. A1.1.
The valve time should be sufficient for the oil to drain completely from the
8.1 The test fluid shall be at room temperature, uniform in
upper reservoir to the lower reservoir.
appearance and free of any visible insoluble material prior to
placing in the test equipment. 10.2.2 Start the pump, (2) in Fig. A1.1, and run until three
8.2 After the test fluid has completed its twentieth cycle cycles have been completed. Drain and discard the sheared oil.
through the apparatus, drain it into a bottle for transfer to the 10.2.3 Similarly, run the second 100 cm for two cycles and
kinematic viscosity measurement. the third 100 cm flush for one cycle, draining and discarding
each flush.
9. Calibration 10.3 Pour 100 cm of the test oil into the lower reservoir
through the funnel. Set the cycle counter for 20 cycles. Set a
9.1 Set the valve opening pressure of the diesel injector
clean 120 cm (4 oz) bottle, (10) in Fig. A1.1, under the drain
nozzle assembly to 20.7 6 0.35 MPa (3000 6 50 psi) by means
tube of the lower reservoir to receive the sheared sample. Start
of a hand-actuated pump and diesel fuel.
the pump and run until the 20 cycles have been completed. At
9.2 Set the delivery rate of the pump to 534 6 12 cm /min
the end of the twentieth cycle, both drain valves, (7) and (9)in
by the procedure described in Annex A1.
Fig. A1.1, open automatically and the sample drains into the
9.3 Verify the shearing severity of the apparatus by running
collection bottle, (10).
the standard test procedure, described in 9.3.1, with reference
10.4 Measure the kinematic viscosity of the sheared oil and
oil. Make this check every twentieth run when the apparatus is
a sample of the unsheared oil at 100°C by Test Method D 445.
used frequently. Make this check before any other samples are
tested if the apparatus has been idle for a week or more. The
11. Calculation
kinematic viscosity at 100°C for the sheared reference oil is to
be within the limits prescribed for the specific batch of the 11.1 Calculate the percentage loss of viscosity of the
reference oil in use. For Batch BRL-72-2751 of TL-11074, the sheared oil as follows:
limits are 9.64 and 9.94 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C.
VL 5 100 3 ~V 2 V !/V (1)
u s u
9.3.1 If the viscosity of the sheared oil does not fall within
the above limits, make another shear test of the reference oil by where:
VL = viscosity loss, %,
the standard procedure. If the viscosity of the sheared oil still
V = kinematic viscosity of unsheared oil at 100°C, mm /s
does not fall within the limits, take steps to correct the rating u
(cSt), and
level of the test. Either mechanical difficulty or test technique
V = kinematic viscosity of sheared oil at 100°C, mm /s
is at fault. s
(cSt).
10. Procedure
12. Report
10.1 Shearing is accomplished by pumping the entire 100
12.1 Report the following information:
cm test oil charge through the nozzle in successive passes or
12.1.1 Percentage viscosity loss as calculated in 11.1,
cycles. One cycle consists of pumping the oil from the lower
12.1.2 Kinematic viscosity of the unsheared oil at 100°C,
reservoir (8) in Fig. A1.1, through the nozzle (5), and into the
12.1.3 Kinematic viscosity of the sheared oil at 100°C,
upper reservoir (6). At the end of each cycle, when the entire
12.1.4 Number of cycles,
test oil charge has been collected in the upper reservoir (6), the
12.1.5 For reference oil runs, the batch number of the
pump (2) stops and the solenoid-operated drain valve (7)
reference oil, and
opens, draining the oil into the lower reservoir (8). The pump
12.1.6 Specify this test method (ASTM D5275).
then restarts automatically for the next cycle. This process
repeats for the number of cycles that have been set on the cycle
13. Precision and Bias
counter. At the end of the last cycle, both solenoid-operated
drain valves, (7) and (9) in Fig. A1.1, open and the test oil 13.1 The following criteria should be used for judging the
acceptability of results:
drains into the sample collection bottle (10).
6 7
Suitable source of supply is Waukesha Engine Div., 1000 W. St .Paul Ave., Support data available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D02-1131. This
Waukesha, WI 53188. Part No. G-818–7. test method was formerly Procedure B of Test Method D 3945.
D 5275
NOTE 4—The indicated repeatability and reproducibility values repre-
13.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between successive
sent the subtractive difference between the reported percentage viscosity
test results, obtained by the same operator with the same
loss values for the two determinations being compared.
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test
material would, in the long run, and in the normal and correct
13.1.3 Bias—All test results are relative to those of Cali-
operation of the test method, exceed
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