ASTM D6896-20a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When an engine oil is cooled, the rate and duration of cooling can affect its yield stress and viscosity. In this laboratory test, used engine oil is slowly cooled through a temperature range where wax crystallization is known to occur, followed by relatively rapid cooling to the final test temperature. As in other low temperature rheological tests such as Test Methods D3829, D4684, and D5133, a preheating condition is required to ensure that all residual waxes are solubilized in the oil prior to the cooldown (that is, remove thermal memory). However, it is also known that highly sooted used diesel engine oils can experience a soot agglomerization phenomenon when heated under quiescent conditions. The current method uses a separate preheat and agitation step to break up any soot agglomerization that may have occurred prior to cooldown. The viscosity of highly sooted diesel engine oils as measured in this test method have been correlated to pressurization times in a motored engine test (1).4
5.2 Cooling Profiles:
5.2.1 For oils to be tested at –20 °C and –25 °C, Table X1.1 applies. The cooling profile described in Table X1.1 is based on the viscosity properties of the ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils (PRO). This series of oils includes oils with normal low-temperature flow properties and oils that have been associated with low-temperature pumpability problems (2-7).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of –20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures –20 °C and –25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s-1 to 15 s-1. This test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to centiPoise (cP).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6896 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of
1
Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield 2.1 ASTM Standards:
stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping
rates over a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of Temperature of Engine Oil
–20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and
–20 °C and –25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
-1 -1
shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s to 15 s .This D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,
test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils
from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa. D8278 Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers for
Test Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels and
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The
Lubricants
applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been
as a Reference Temperature
determined.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
testing and calibration laboratories
standard.
ISO Guide 34 General requirements for the competence of
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of
reference material producers
milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to
centiPoise (cP).
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity ob-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tained by use of this test method.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 digital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
device consisting of a digital display and associated tempera-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
ture sensing probe.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This device consists of a temperature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D6896 – 20. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D6896-20A. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6896 − 20a
provides a digital output. This digital output goes to a digital where:
displayand/orrecordingdevicethatmaybeinternalorexternal
T = torque applied to rotor, N·m,
r
to the device.
M = applied mass, g,
3.1.2.2 Discussion—The devices are often re
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6896 − 20 D6896 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of
1
Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over
a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of –20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures –20 °C and
-1 -1
–25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s to 15 s . This test method
is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield stress
measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or to
petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to
centiPoise (cP).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping Temperature of Engine Oil
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
D8278 Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers for Test Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels and Lubricants
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2020Nov. 1, 2020. Published June 2020November 2020. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20182020 as
D6896 – 18.D6896 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D6896-20.10.1520/D6896-20A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6896 − 20a
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
E1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO Guide 34 General requirements for the competence of reference material producers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity obtained by use of this test method.
3.1.2 digital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic device consisting of a digital display and associated temperature
sensing probe.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This device consists of a temperature sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument measures the temperature-
dependent quantity of the sensor, computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and provides a digital ou
...
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