ASTM D804-02

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D804–02
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Naval Stores, Including Tall Oil and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 804; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope or a by-product in connection with the chemical treatment
and conversion of other terpenes.
1.1 Althoughthenavalstoresindustryhasbeenacontinuing
destructively distilled dipentene, n—from the lighter por-
producer of chemical products for many centuries, the nature
tions of the oil recovered during the destructive distillation
of the industry, its products, and its terminology have changed.
of pine wood.
In particular, the original practice of recovering naval stores
steam-distilled dipentene, n—fractionated from the crude
through the processing of the exudate from pine trees (gum
oleoresinous extract during the processing of related steam-
naval stores) has been supplemented by their extraction by
distilled wood naval stores.
solvent (wood naval stores) and by wood pulping chemicals
sulfate dipentene, n—from the crude condensate of the
(sulfatenavalstores).Thus,thisterminologycontainssomeold
vapors generated in the digestion of wood in the sulfate
terms now mostly of historic value, together with the terms of
2
paper pulp process.
the modern naval stores industry.
ester gum, n—a resin made from rosin and a polyhydric
2. Terminology
alcohol, generally glycerol or pentaerythritol.
gloss oil, n—a solution of limed rosin or limed rosin acids in
abietic acid, commercial grade, n—a product consisting
a volatile solvent, used chiefly in surface coatings. (When
chiefly of rosin acids in substantially pure form, separated
made from tall oil, the source is usually indicated.)
either from rosin or tall oil commercially for specific
d-limonene, n—a purified optically active terpene hydrocar-
purposes and in which abietic acid and its isomers are the
bon recovered from by-products of the citrus industry.
principal components.
colophony, n—a term denoting medium and high grades of DISCUSSION—It is used as a chemical intermediate and as a monomer
in terpene resins.
rosin.
crude stripper oil, n—a by-product of the manufacture of
metallic resinates, n—rosin in which part or all of the rosin
citrus juice, composed largely of d-limonene and containing
acids have been chemically reacted with those metals that
up to 1.5 % of aldehydes. (See also d-limonene.)
give soaps or salts which are water insoluble.
dipentene, n—chemically defined as the optically inactive
DISCUSSION—Limed rosin, zinc-treated rosin, and the resinates of
form of the monocyclic terpene hydrocarbon limonene.
lead, cobalt, copper, and manganese, are of the greatest industrial
DISCUSSION—Commercial dipentenes contain substantial portions of
importance.
other monocyclic and bicyclic, as well as some oxygenated, terpenes
modified rosin, n—rosin that has been treated with heat or
having closely related boiling ranges. They are generally obtained by
catalysts,orbothwithorwithoutaddedchemicalsubstances,
fractional distillation from crude oils recovered in the several commer-
cial methods of utilizing pine wood, also by isomerization during the
so as to cause substantial change in the structure of the rosin
chemical processing of terpenes. There is no legal requirement under
acids, as isomerization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, or
the Naval Stores Act that the source, origin, or kind of dipentene be
polymerization, without substantial effect on the carboxyl
shown in the commercial designation. Consequently, coined trade
group.
names are sometimes used in selling this product. The four kinds of
commercial dipentene are:
DISCUSSION—The following are types of modified rosin:
disproportionated (dehydrogenated) rosin, n—rosin that has been
chemically processed dipentene, n—recovered as a product
subjected to chemical or physical treatment, or both, so as to cause
substantial simultaneous hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the
rosin acids to form their hydrogenated and dehydrogenated counter-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
parts.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
heat-treated rosin, n—rosin in which a reduction of acid number and a
Subcommittee D01.34 on Naval Stores.
positive shift in optical rotation has been brought about by controlled
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
heat treatment only, in order to improve its suitability for specific uses.
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 804
...