ASTM D233-13(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D233 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Methods of
Sampling and Testing Turpentine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
testing turpentine, as defined by the Code of Federal Regula-
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
tions and Terminology D804. These test methods are also used
D270 Methods of Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum Prod-
for the sampling and testing of pinenes, the major components
ucts (Withdrawn 1984)
of most turpentines.
D804 Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals, Including
1.2 These test methods primarily measure the physical
Tall Oil and Related Products
rather than the chemical properties of turpentines and pinenes.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
As turpentines and pinenes are currently used chiefly as
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
chemical raw materials for the production of resins and
Cobalt Scale)
synthetic organic chemicals, chemical composition is also very
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-
important. Consequently, testing the chemical composition of
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner
turpentines and pinenes by gas chromatography has displaced
Color)
these test methods to a large extent. (See for example Test
D6387 Test Methods for Composition of Turpentine and
Methods D6387.)
Related Terpene Products by Capillary Gas Chromatogra-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded phy
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 2.2 Other Document:
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Part 160 Regulations
and are not considered standard.
and Standards for Naval Stores, 1999
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 The test procedures described in this standard were
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Currentlyhowever,thechiefuseforturpentine(andpinenes)is
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
as raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
organic chemicals. Thus the chemical composition of turpen-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tines and pinenes is extremely important and tests, in addition
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
to the ones described in these test methods, are required in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
order to fully characterize turpentines and pinenes. The most
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct the ASTM website.
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Resins. www.astm.org.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D233 – 13 (2017). 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
DOI: 10 .1520/D0233-13R22. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D233 − 13 (2022)
widely used technique for determining the chemical composi- DETECTION AND REMOVAL OF SEPARATED
tion of turpentines (and pinenes) is gas chromatography (see WATER
Test Methods D6387).
6. Procedure
6.1 Draw a portion by means of a glass or metal container
4. Purity of Reagents
with a removable stopper or top, or with a “thief,” from the
4.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
lowest part of the container, or by opening the bottom valve of
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
the perfectly level tank car. If water is found in this sample,
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
draw it all out, record the quantity, and deduct it from the total
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
volume of liquid delivered.
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, pro-
APPEARANCE
vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
7. Procedure
the determination.
7.1 Examine a portion of the sample after agitation to
4.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be
determine whether its appearance conforms to specifications.
understood to mean reagent water conforming to Specification
ODOR
D1193.
8. Procedure
SAMPLING
8.1 Compare the odor of the sample with an agreed-upon
5. Sampling water-free reference sample kept in the dark in a completely
filled, well-stoppered bottle. In the absence of such a sample,
5.1 The method of sampling specified in 5.2 or 5.3 shall be
compare with samples of known purity similarly preserved.
used, according to the special conditions that apply.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
5.2 From Loaded Tank Car or Other Large Vessel—The
compositesampletakenshallbenotlessthan ⁄2gal(1.9L)and
9. Procedure
should consist of small samples of not more than 1 qt (0.9 L)
9.1 Determine the specific gravity at 15.6/15.6 °C by any
each, taken from near the top and bottom by means of a metal
convenient method having a precision of 0.0005. Determina-
or glass container with removable stopper or top. This device,
tions made at any other temperature using apparatus standard-
attached to a suitable pole, shall be lowered to the desired
ized at 15.6 °C shall be corrected by adding to or subtracting
depth, the stopper or top removed, and the container allowed to
fromtheobservedreading0.00082foreachdegreeCelsiusthat
fill. If a sample from close to the bottom of a tank shows a
the temperature of the liquid is above or below 15.6 °C. If the
decided difference in color or appearance from samples taken
determination is made with apparatus calibrated for a tempera-
at other depths, an extra bottom sample shall be taken and
ture other than 15.6 °C, the observed reading shall first be
examined separately from the composite sample. In such case,
calculated to density at the temperature of observation, then
the composite sample shall not include any portion of such
converted to density at 15.6 °C by applying the above factor,
bottom sampling.
and finally converted to specific gravity by dividing the
calculated density by 0.999 (the density of water at 15.6 °C).
5.3 From Barrels and Drums—At least 5 % of the packages
in any shipment shall be represented in the sample. The
REFRACTIVE INDEX
purchaser may increase the percentage of packages to be
sampled at his direction, and it is recommended that every 10. Procedure
package be sampled in the case of expensive terpene hydro-
10.1 Determine the refractive index with an accurate
carbons that are bought in small quantity. A portion shall be
instrument, at 20 °C if possible. If determined at any other
withdrawn from about the center of each package sampled by
temperature,correctthereadingobtainedto20 °Cbyaddingor
means of a “thief” or other sampling device. The composite
subtrac
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