This document sets out a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence procedure for the determination of various elements in iron ores. The method is applicable to iron ores regardless of mineralogical type.

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This document specifies a method to provide a relative measure for evaluating the degree of size degradation caused by rapid heating of iron ores. It specifies the determination of the decrepitation index. This document is applicable to lump ores for blast furnace feedstocks.

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This Document specifies an acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) procedure for determination of the mass fraction of thallium in copper and zinc sulfide concentrates as follows. a) For copper sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of thallium from 0,000 1 % to 0,002 5 %. b) For zinc sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of thallium from 0,000 1 % to 0,025 %.

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This document specifies a barium sulfate gravimetric method for the determination of the sulfur content of iron ores. This method is applicable to a concentration range of a mass fraction of sulfur from 0,01 % to 3,9 % in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates including sinter products.

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This document specifies a method to provide a relative measure for evaluating the increase in volume of iron ore pellets, when reduced in an unconstrained bed under conditions resembling those prevailing in the reduction zone of a blast furnace. It specifies the determination of the free-swelling index. This document is applicable to hot-bonded pellets.

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This document specifies a photometric titration method using EDTA for the determination of the total iron content of iron ores. This method is applicable to a concentration range of a mass fraction of 37,00 % to 72,00 % of total iron in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates, including sinter products. This method does not apply as a referee method.

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This document specifies a potentiometric method for the determination of the manganese content of manganese ores and concentrates with manganese content equal to or greater than a mass fraction of 15 %.

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This document specifies a method to provide a relative measure for evaluating the structural stability of iron ores when reduced under conditions resembling those prevailing in the reduction zone of a blast furnace. This document is applicable to lump ores and hot-bonded pellets.

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This document specifies a method to provide a relative measure for evaluating the degree of size degradation and degree of metallization of iron ores, when reduced under conditions resembling those prevailing in shaft direct-reduction processes. This document is applicable to lump ores and hot-bonded pellets.

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This document specifies a performance-based method for the chemical analysis of natural and processed iron ores by fused bead wavelength and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF). It is applicable to all elements of interest when adequate calibrations have been established.

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  • Technical specification
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This document specifies a method to provide a relative measure for evaluating the extent to and ease with which oxygen can be removed from iron ores, when reduced under conditions resembling those prevailing in the reduction zone of a blast furnace. This document is applicable to lump ores, sinters and hot-bonded pellets.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies an acid digestion and vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mercury content in copper sulfide concentrates. This document is applicable to mass fraction of mercury between 5 µg/g and 65 µg/g in copper sulfide concentrates.

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  • Standard
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This document sets out the basic methods for sampling copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates from moving streams and stationary lots, including stopped-belt sampling, to provide samples for chemical analysis, physical testing and determination of moisture content, in accordance with the relevant International Standards. Where the concentrates are susceptible to significant oxidation or decomposition, a common sample that is sufficiently representative, i.e. unbiased and sufficiently precise, is used for moisture determination and chemical analysis to eliminate bias (see ISO 10251). Any large agglomerates (>10 mm) present in the primary sample are crushed prior to further sample processing. Sampling of concentrates in slurry form is specifically excluded from this document. Stopped-belt sampling is the reference method for collecting concentrate samples against which mechanical and manual-sampling procedures can be compared. Sampling from moving streams is the preferred method. Both falling-stream and cross-belt samplers are described. Sampling from stationary lots is used only where sampling from moving streams is not possible. The procedures described in this document for sampling from stationary lots only minimize some of the systematic sampling errors.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies a flow-table method for the determination of the transportable moisture limit (TML) of copper, lead and zinc sulfide concentrates, which can liquefy during transport. It is applicable to the determination of the TML of concentrates containing 10 % to 80 % (mass fraction) of lead, 10 % to 65 % (mass fraction) of zinc or 10 % to 55 % (mass fraction) of copper and is applicable to TML values in the range 3 % to 28 % (mass fraction).

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This document specifies an analytical method for the determination of total chlorine content using alkaline fusion and potentiometric titration. This method is applicable to copper and nickel sulfide ores and concentrates having chlorine content in the following ranges: a) Method 1: 80 µg/g to 4 300 µg/g b) Method 2: 70 µg/g to 4 300 µg/g

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the moisture content of a lot of iron ore. This method is applicable to all iron ores, whether natural or processed.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies a potentiometric titration method for the determination of total iron content of iron ores, using potassium dichromate as titrant after reduction of the iron(III) by tin(II) chloride and titanium(III) chloride. The excess reductant is then oxidized by potassium dichromate solution. This method is applicable to total iron contents between a mass fraction of 29,04 % and a mass fraction of 72,02 % in natural iron ores and iron ore concentrates and agglomerates including sinter products.

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This document specifies experimental methods for checking the precision of sampling, sample preparation and measurement of iron ores being carried out in accordance with the methods specified in ISO 3082 and the relevant ISO standards for measurement. This document can also be applied for the purpose of checking the precision of sampling, sample preparation and measurement separately.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of cadmium in copper, lead and zinc sulfide concentrates as follows: a) for copper sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of cadmium from 0,01 % to 0,30 %; b) for lead sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of cadmium from 0,01 % to 0,30 %; c) for zinc sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of cadmium from 0,05 % to 0,30 %.

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This document specifies an acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES) method for the determination of the mass fraction of cadmium in copper, lead and zinc sulfide concentrates as follows: a) for copper sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of cadmium from 0,01 % to 0,30 %; b) for lead sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of cadmium from 0,01 % to 0,30 %; c) for zinc sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of cadmium from 0,05 % to 1,00 %.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies the methods to be employed for determination of size distributions by sieving of iron ore and direct reduced iron (excluding briquetted iron), utilizing sieves having aperture sizes of 36 µm or larger. The size distribution is expressed in terms of mass and percentage mass, passed or retained on selected sieves. The purpose of this document is to provide a basis for any testing of iron ore and direct reduced iron involving size determination for use by contracting parties in the sale and purchase of these materials. When this document is used for comparative purposes, the concerned parties will agree on the selection of the detailed method to be employed in order to eliminate sources of subsequent controversy.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies two titrimetric methods, free from mercury pollution, for the determination of total iron content in iron ores, using potassium dichromate as titrant after reduction of the iron(III) by tin(II) chloride and titanium(III) chloride. The excess reductant is then oxidized by either dilute potassium dichromate (Method 1) or perchloric acid (Method 2). Both methods are applicable to a concentration range of 30 % mass fraction to 72 % mass fraction of iron in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates, including sinter products.

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This document specifies two titrimetric methods for the determination of the copper content of copper
sulfide concentrates in the range 15 % (m/m) to 50 % (m/m), using sodium thiosulfate after separation
(method 1) or without separation (method 2) of copper from interfering elements.

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ISO 21283:2018 specifies a method to determine the fineness of iron ores in terms of specific surface area, using the manual Blaine air-permeability apparatus. ISO 21283:2018 is applicable to pellet feeds in the range of 400 cm2/g to 2 500 cm2/g of specific surface area.

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ISO 10258:2018 specifies two titrimetric methods for the determination of the copper content of copper sulfide concentrates in the range 15 % (m/m) to 50 % (m/m), using sodium thiosulfate after separation (method 1) or without separation (method 2) of copper from interfering elements.

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ISO 15633:2017 specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the nickel mass fraction of iron ores. This method is applicable to mass fractions of nickel between 0,001 % and 0,10 % in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates including sinter products. This method is not appropriate for referee purposes.

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  • Standard
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ISO 22682:2017 specifies a method for the determination of phosphorus, vanadium, titanium, copper, nickel, chromium, barium and cobalt in iron ores, by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

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  • Standard
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ISO 10204:2017 specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of magnesium in iron ores. This method is applicable to mass fractions of magnesium between 0,010 % and 2,00 % in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates, and agglomerates, including sinter products.

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ISO 3082:2017 provides a) the underlying theory, b) the basic principles for sampling and preparation of samples, and c) the basic requirements for the design, installation and operation of sampling systems for mechanical sampling, manual sampling and preparation of samples taken from a lot under transfer. This is in order to determine the chemical composition, moisture content, size distribution and other physical and metallurgical properties of the lot, except bulk density obtained using ISO 3852 (Method 2). The methods specified in this document are applicable to both the loading and discharging of a lot by means of belt conveyors and other ore-handling equipment to which a mechanical sampler can be installed or where manual sampling can safely be conducted. The methods are applicable to all iron ores, whether natural or processed (e.g. concentrates and agglomerates, such as pellets or sinters).

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  • Standard
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ISO 11790:2017 sets out recommended practices for the inspection of mechanical sampling systems. It serves as a reference for conformance with applicable International Standards for copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates. ISO 11790:2017 covers general considerations, including precision, quality variation, bias, establishment of inspection systems and inspection procedures.

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ISO 11794:2017 sets out the basic methods for sampling particulate material that is mixed with a liquid, usually water, to form a slurry. In industry and in the mining and mineral processing literature, slurry is also referred to as pulp, but this term is not used in ISO 11794:2017. At very high ratios of fine particulate solids to liquids where material assumes a soft plastic form, the mixture is correctly termed as a paste. Sampling of pastes is not covered in ISO 11794:2017. The procedures described in ISO 11794:2017 apply to sampling of particulate materials that are transported in moving streams as slurries, but not pressurized slurries. These streams may fall freely or be confined in pipes, launders, flumes, sluices, spirals or similar channels. Sampling of slurries in stationary situations, such as a settled or even a well-stirred slurry in a holding vessel or dam, is not recommended and is not covered in ISO 11794:2017. ISO 11794:2017 describes procedures that are designed to provide samples representative of the slurry solids and particle-size distribution of the slurry under examination. After draining the slurry sample of fluid and measuring the fluid volume, damp samples of the contained particulate material in the slurry are available for drying (if required) and measurement of one or more characteristics in an unbiased manner and with a known degree of precision. The characteristics are measured by chemical analysis, physical testing or both. The sampling methods described are applicable to slurries that require inspection to verify compliance with product specifications, determination of the value of a characteristic as a basis for settlement between trading partners or estimation of a set of average characteristics and variances that describes a system or procedure. Provided that flow rates are not too high, the reference method against which other sampling procedures are compared is one where the entire stream is diverted into a vessel for a specified time or volume interval. This method corresponds to the stopped-belt method described in ISO 12743.

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  • Standard
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ISO/TR 9686:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the mass fraction of carbon and/or sulfur in direct reduced iron by infrared measurement after high-frequency combustion. This method is applicable to mass fractions of carbon between 0,05 % and 2,5 %, and/or mass fractions of sulfur between 0,001 % and 0,05 % in direct reduced iron.

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  • Technical report
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ISO/TR 4688-1:2017 describes a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of aluminium in iron ores. This method is applicable to mass fractions of aluminium between 0,1 % and 5,0 % in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates, including sinter products.

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  • Technical report
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ISO 10203:2017 specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of calcium in iron ores. This method is applicable to mass fractions of calcium between 0,010 % and 8,00 % in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates, and agglomerates, including sinter products.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies a combustion/infrared method, using a high-frequency induction furnace, for
the determination of the sulfur content of iron ores.
This method is applicable to sulfur contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,25 % (mass
fraction) in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates, including sinter products. The
method is not applicable to iron ores containing more than 1,0 % (mass fraction) of combined water.
The apparatus, of which the metal filter is equipped with a heating device, can be applied to iron ores
containing less than 3,0 % (mass fraction) of combined water.

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This document specifies a combustion/titration method for the determination of the sulfur content of
iron ores.
This method is applicable to sulfur contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,25 % (mass
fraction) in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates, and agglomerates, including sinter products. The
results are not affected by the presence of fluoride.

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ISO 13312:2017 specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of potassium in iron ores. This method is applicable to mass fractions of potassium between 0,002 5 % and 0,52 % in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates, including sinter products.

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  • Standard
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ISO 13313:2017 specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of sodium in iron ores. This method is applicable to mass fractions of sodium between 0,002 5 % and 0,50 % in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates, including sinter products.

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ISO 4689-3:2017 specifies a combustion/infrared method, using a high-frequency induction furnace, for the determination of the sulfur content of iron ores. This method is applicable to sulfur contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,25 % (mass fraction) in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates and agglomerates, including sinter products. The method is not applicable to iron ores containing more than 1,0 % (mass fraction) of combined water. The apparatus, of which the metal filter is equipped with a heating device, can be applied to iron ores containing less than 3,0 % (mass fraction) of combined water.

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ISO 4689-2:2017 specifies a combustion/titration method for the determination of the sulfur content of iron ores. This method is applicable to sulfur contents between 0,002 % (mass fraction) and 0,25 % (mass fraction) in natural iron ores, iron ore concentrates, and agglomerates, including sinter products. The results are not affected by the presence of fluoride.

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  • Standard
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ISO 16878:2016 specifies a titrimetric method for the determination of the metallic iron content of reduced iron ores. This method is applicable to a concentration range of 57,5 % mass fraction to 90,5 % mass fraction of the metallic iron. NOTE The term "metallic iron" means those forms of iron not bonded to oxygen or not present as pyrite.

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  • Standard
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ISO 13543:2016 specifies the method for determining the mass of contained metal in a lot, based on the wet mass, moisture content and dry basis metal content of the lot. The procedure for estimating the variance and confidence intervals for the mass of contained metal is also specified.

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ISO/TR 18231:2016 describes methods of test that can be applied to wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectrometers to ensure that the spectrometers are functioning in a manner that allows precise analyses to be made. The tests outlined are designed to measure the errors associated with the operation of certain parts of the spectrometer. They are not designed to check every part of the spectrometer but only those parts that may be the common sources of error. It is assumed that the performance of the instrument has been optimized according to the manufacturer's instructions. For all tests, the two-theta angle should be carefully set for the line being measured. The pulse height window should be set according to the manufacturer's instructions and should have a broad setting which may also include the escape peak for gas proportional counters. The instrument and detector gas environment should be as specified by the manufacturer, as should the power supply to the instrument. NOTE Where no distinction has been made, it is assumed that a test is applicable to both sequential and simultaneous spectrometers.

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  • Technical report
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This International Standard specifies a gravimetric loss-in-mass method for the determination of the
hygroscopic moisture content in analysis samples of copper, lead, zinc, and nickel sulfide concentrates.
The method is applicable to copper, lead, zinc, and nickel sulfide concentrates free from volatile organic
flotation reagents, for example kerosene, and with hygroscopic moisture contents between 0,05 %
(m/m) and 2 % (m/m). The hygroscopic moisture content is used to correct the analysis results from
the equilibrated moisture level to the dry basis.
NOTE The result of the determination of hygroscopic moisture content using this International Standard should
not be reported as part of the analysis of a concentrate sample. Whenever the bulk moisture content of a commercial
shipment of concentrate is required, ISO 10251 should be used. The determination of hygroscopic moisture content
and the determination of bulk moisture content are connected with each other. In both determinations, the same
state of dryness has to be achieved, in order to ascertain the correct metal content of a lot.
This method is not applicable to sulfide concentrates that are susceptible to oxidation (see 6.3, note 2).
Annex A sets out a modified procedure, which can be used for sulfide concentrates that are susceptible
to oxidation.

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This International Standard specifies an acid dissolution and flame atomic absorption spectrometric
method for the determination of silver content of zinc sulfide concentrates.
The method is applicable to the determination of silver in zinc sulfide concentrates containing up to
60 % (m/m) zinc in the form of zinc blende and related materials.
The method is applicable to silver contents from 10 g/t to 500 g/t.

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  • Standard
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This International Standard specifies a method of determining the apparent density and water
absorption of direct reduced iron by immersion in water.
This International Standard is applicable to hot briquetted iron (HBI).

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This International Standard specifies a fire assay gravimetric and flame atomic absorption
spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of gold and silver in copper, lead, and
zinc sulfide concentrates as follows.
— Copper concentrates
The method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of gold from 0,5 g/t to 300 g/t and
of mass fractions of silver from 25 g/t to 1 500 g/t in copper sulfide concentrates containing mass
fractions of copper from 15 % to 60 %.
— Lead concentrates
The method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of gold from 0,1 g/t to 25 g/t and
of mass fractions of silver from 200 g/t to 3 500 g/t in lead sulfide concentrates containing mass
fractions of lead from 10 % to 80 %.
— Zinc concentrates
The method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of gold from 0,1 g/t to 12 g/t and
of mass fractions of silver from 10 g/t to 800 g/t in zinc sulfide concentrates containing mass
fractions of zinc up to 60 %.

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ISO 10378:2016 specifies a fire assay gravimetric and flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of gold and silver in copper, lead, and zinc sulfide concentrates as follows. - Copper concentrates The method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of gold from 0,5 g/t to 300 g/t and of mass fractions of silver from 25 g/t to 1 500 g/t in copper sulfide concentrates containing mass fractions of copper from 15 % to 60 %. - Lead concentrates The method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of gold from 0,1 g/t to 25 g/t and of mass fractions of silver from 200 g/t to 3 500 g/t in lead sulfide concentrates containing mass fractions of lead from 10 % to 80 %. - Zinc concentrates The method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of gold from 0,1 g/t to 12 g/t and of mass fractions of silver from 10 g/t to 800 g/t in zinc sulfide concentrates containing mass fractions of zinc up to 60 %.

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ISO/TR 18336:2016 specifies recommended quality control procedures for XRF laboratories operating within the iron ore industry.

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ISO 15968:2016 specifies a method of determining the apparent density and water absorption of direct reduced iron by immersion in water. ISO 15968:2016 is applicable to hot briquetted iron (HBI).

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